Beschreibung
It has been 10 years since Plenum included a series of reviews on bacte riophages, in Comprehensive Virology. Chapters in that series contained physical-genetic maps but very little DNA sequence information. Now the complete DNA sequence is known for some phages, and the se quences for others will soon follow. During the past 10 years two phages have come into common use as reagents: A phage for cloning single copies of genes, and Ml3 for cloning and DNA sequencing by the dideoxy termi nation method. Also during that period the use of alternative sigma fac tors by RNA polymerase has become established for SPOl and T4. This seems to be a widely used mechanism in bacteria, since it has been implicated in sporulation, heat shock response, and regulation of nitro gen metabolism. The control of transcription by the binding of A phage CII protein to the -35 region of the promoter is a recent finding, and it is not known how widespread this mechanism may be. This rapid progress made me eager to solicit a new series of reviews. These contributions are of two types. Each of the first type deals with an issue that is exemplified by many kinds of phages; chapters of this type should be useful in teaching advanced courses. Chapters of the second type provide comprehensive pictures of individual phage families and should provide valuable information for use in planning experiments.
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1 Phage Evolution and Speciation.- I. The Species Concept and Its Application to Phages.- II. Molecular Biology and the Origins of Phage.- III. The Gene Pool.- IV. Phage Genes Related to Host Genes.- V. Host Functions Replaceable by Phage-Derived Genes.- VI. Recombination in Natural Populations.- VII. Source and Distribution within the Genome of Recombinable Variation.- VIII. Reproductive Isolation in Nature.- References.- 2 Control Mechanisms in dsDNA Bacteriophage Assembly.- I. Introduction.- II. The Structure of dsDNA Phage Virions.- A. Head Structure.- B. Tail Structure.- C. Small Molecules in Phage.- III. The Nature of Phage Assembly Pathways.- IV. Current Problems in Phage Assembly and Structure.- A. Assembly Pathways.- B. Size Determination.- C. Nonequivalent Protein-Protein Interactions.- D. Structural Movements and Molecular Machines.- V. Genes and Morphogenesis.- A. Control of Gene Expression.- B. Gene Position.- VI. Prospects.- References.- 3 Changes in RNA Polymerase.- I. Introduction.- II. Covalent Modifications of RNA Polymerases.- III. Proteins Binding to the Bacterial RNA Polymerase Core.- A. Phage-Coded Initiation Proteins.- B. Other RNA Polymerase Core-Binding Proteins.- IV. DNA-Binding Proteins That Interact with, and Enhance the Activity of, RNA Polymerase.- V. Other RNA Polymerase-Binding Proteins and Other Phages.- VI. Concluding Comments.- References.- 4 The Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages.- I. Introduction.- II. Classification of RNA Phages.- A. RNA Coliphages.- B. RNA Phages of Other Genera.- III. Ecology of Coliphages.- IV. The Infection Process.- V. Virion Structure.- VI. Replication of Phage RNA.- A. Mature Phage RNA.- B. 6S RNA and Qß RNA Variants.- VII. Origin and Evolution of the 6S RNA Families.- VIII. Gene Expression.- A. The A Protein.- B. The Replicase (Subunit III.- C. The Coat Protein.- D. The Lysis Protein of Group A Phages.- E. The Lysis Protein of Group B Phages.- IX. Sequence Comparison between Group I, II, and III Phages.- A. The Maturation Protein.- B. The Replicase.- C. The Coat Protein.- D. The Lysis Protein.- E. The Noncoding Regions.- F. The Savings between MS2 and GA.- X. Phylogeny of RNA Phages.- XI. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Phages with Protein Attached to the DNA Ends.- I. Introduction.- II. Characterization of the Terminal Protein at the DNA Ends of the Phage ?29, Cp-1, and PRD1 Families.- A. Phage ?29 and Related Phages.- B. Phage Cp-1 and Related Phages.- C. Phage PRD1 and Related Phages.- III. Linkage between the Terminal Protein and the DNA of Phages ?29, Cp-1, and PRD1.- IV. Nucleotide Sequence at the DNA Ends of the ?29, Cp-1, and PRD1 Families.- A. ?29 Family.- B. Cp-1 Family.- C. PRD1 Family.- V. Transcription of ?29 DNA.- VI. In Vivo Replication of ?29, Cp-1, and PRD1 DNAs.- A. Phage ?29.- B. Phage Cp-1.- C. Phage PRD1.- VII. In Vitro Replication of ?29, Cp-1, and PRD1 DNAs: Initiation Reaction.- A. Formation of a Covalent Complex between the Terminal Protein and 5' dAMP in ?29 and M2.- B. Formation of a Covalent Complex between the Terminal Protein and 5' dAMP in Phage Cp-1.- C. Formation of a Covalent Complex between the Terminal Protein and 5' dGMP in Phage PRD 1.- VIII. Purification and Characterization of the ?29 Proteins p2, p3, p5, and p6, Involved in DNA Replication.- A. Purification of Protein p2: Characterization of DNA Polymerase and 3' ? p 5' Exonuclease Activities.- B. Purification of Protein p3.- C. Activity of Purified Proteins p2 and p3 in the Formation of the p3-dAMP Initiation Complex and Its Further Elongation.- D. Effect of Aphidicolin and Nucleotide Analogues on the ?29 DNA Polymerase.- E. Isolation of Mutants of Protein p3 by in VitroMutagenesis of Gene 3: Effect of the Mutations on the in Vitro Formation of the Initiation Complex.- F. Purification and Characterization of Protein p6.- G. Purification and Characterization of Protein p5.- IX. Template Requirements for the Formation of the Initiation Complex.- X. Possible Role of the I
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