Beschreibung
Inhaltsangabe1 Long-term Strategies for Handling Contaminated Sites and Large-scale Areas.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Time Frames: Soils and Sediments as Part of the Hydrologicai Cycle.- 1.3 Conceptual Framework for Understanding Long-term Processes in Soils and Sediments.- 1.4 Long-term Changes: Capacity Controlling Parameters.- 1.5 Case Studies.- 1.6 Summary and Conclusions.- 2 Microbiology of Soil and Sediments.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Microbial Environment of Soil and Sediment.- 2.3 Degradation of Xenobiotics in Soil and Sediment.- 2.4 Interaction of Heavy Metals and Micro-organisms.- 2.5 Concluding Considerations in Relation to Risk Assessment.- 3 Heavy Metal Retention by Soil Organic Matter under Changing Environmental Conditions.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Cycling of SOM.- 3.3 Interactions between SOM and Heavy Metals.- 3.4 Heavy Metal Interactions with Soil Biota.- 3.5 CTB Risks Associated with Heavy Metal Retention in SOM.- 3.6 Conclusions and Final Remarks.- 4 Mobilization of Heavy Metals as Affected by pH and Redox Conditions.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The Chemistry of Natural Waters.- 4.3 pH and Redox Related Processes Controlling the Solubility of Heavy Metals.- 4.4 Environmental Changes Causing pH and Redox Variations.- 4.5 Sensitive Environments.- 4.6 Summary and Conclusion.- 5 Erosion and Transport of Pollutants from the Terrestrial to the Aquatic Environment.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Soil Erosion and Delayed Non-linear Responses.- 5.3 Long-term Changes Soil Properties.- 5.4 Some Examples of Potential Non-linear Delayed Responses.- 5.5 Conclusions.- 6 Long-term Fate of Pesticides in Soil.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Behaviour and Fate of Pesticides in Soil.- 6.3 Pesticide Residues in Soil.- 6.4 Remobilization Potentials of Pesticide Residues in Soils.- 6.5 Conclusions.- 7 Regional Differences in Potentials for Delayed Mobilization of Chemicals in Europe.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Loads and Loadings.- 7.3 Regional Differences in Storage Capacity in Soils.- 7.4 Delayed Effects due to Changes in Storage Capacity of Soils: Examples.- 7.5 Summary.- 8 Capacity Controlling Parameters and Their Impact on Metal Toxicity in Soil Invertebrates.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Toxicity Tests and Routes of Exposure in Soil.- 8.3 The Influence of Soil Properties on the Toxicity of Heavy Metals for Soil Invertebrates.- 8.4 The Influence of Soil Properties on the Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil Invertebrates.- 8.5 Discussion and Conclusions.- 9 Acidification and its Long-term Impact on Metal Mobility.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Some Basic Geographical Data on Poland.- 9.3 Acidification of the Environment.- 9.4 Soil Conditions: Vulnerability.- 9.5 Heavy Metals.- 9.6 Effects on Humans.- 9.7 What May Happen with Heavy Metals Accumulated in the Soils?.- 9.8 Concluding Remarks.- 10 Mercury and the New Gold Rush in the South.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Mercury Use in Gold- and Silver-mining and its Dispersal Mechanisms in Aquatic Systems.- 10.3 Mercury Distribution in Aquatic Sediments in Gold-mining Areas.- 10.4 Mercury Distribution in Soils.- 10.5 Atmospheric Dispersal.- 10.6 Mercury Methylation.- 10.7 Mercury in Fishes.- 10.8 Contamination in Humans.- 10.9 Technologies for Cleaning Up Mercury Contaminated Areas.- 10.10 Conclusions and Outlook.- 11 Non-linear Release of Metals from Aquatic Sediments.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Geochemical Concepts for Metallic Pollutants in Sediments.- 11.3 Redox/pH-Reactions: Variations in Time and Space.- 11.4 Influence of Redox Variations of Metal Mobility in Sediments.- 11.5 Implications on Sediment Quality Criteria Assessment.- 11.6 Remediation Procedures.- 11.7 Summary and Outlook.- 12 How to Manage Accumulated Contaminants.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Contamination Pattern.- 123 Biogeochemical Processes as Management Tools.- 12.4 Supplementing the System to Increase the Immobilization Capacity.- 12.5 Managing Environmental Impacts in Changed Land-use and Soil Management Systems.- 13 Global Perspectives and Risk Assessmen
