Beschreibung
This book deals with the physics and chemistry of all kinds of energy resources - coal, gas, oil, hydropower, and nuclear. After a brief introduction to the concepts of force, work, and energy, the book discusses energy resources and reserves, followed by discussions of electric power and methods for generating electricity. The discussion then turns to the uses of energy in agriculture, transportation, etc., and the pollution that accompanies these uses. The book concludes with material on energy conservation and energy supplies for the future.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Energy Concepts, Forms Laws.- Petroleum.- Natural Gas.- Coal.- Fules from Oil Shale, Biomass, etc.- Reserves vs. Consumption. Electric Power.- Nuclear Energy.- Solar Energy.- Other Sources.- Energy Storage.- Energy Use in Agriculture, in Transportation.- Pollution.- Conseervation.- Energy Supplies for the Future.
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1 Energy Concepts, Forms, Laws.- Basic Energy Concepts.- Energy Forms.- Fossil Fuels as Sources of Energy.- Machines for Doing Work.- Energy Consumption and Gross Domestic Product.- Energy Fuel Use Patterns in the United States.- Questions.- 2 Petroleum.- Formation of Petroleum.- Recovery of Petroleum.- OPEC-Objectives and Member Countries.- The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973.- Petroleum Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Petroleum Demand.- Production of Petroleum.- United States Petroleum Demand, 1950 to Present.- U.S Petroleum Imports, 1950 to Present.- Reasons for Concern About Large and Growing Petroleum Imports.- The Strategic Petroleum Reserve.- Profits and Losses in the Oil Industry.- Total Energy Impact of Transportation in the United States.- Petroleum Refining.- Distillation.- Catalysis.- Octane Number.- The Catalytic Converter.- Unleaded Gasoline.- Catalytic Dehydrogenation.- Catalytic Reforming.- Catalytic Alkylation.- Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG).- Catalytic Cracking.- Other Techniques for Increasing Gasoline Yields.- The Diesel Engine.- Lubricating Oils.- Questions.- 3 Natural Gas.- Natural Gas Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Production of Natural Gas.- Coal Bed Methane.- Price Controls on Natural Gas.- Uses of Natural Gas.- Questions.- 4 Coal.- Origin of Coal.- Coal Rank.- Coal Mining.- Coal Resources Versus Coal Reserves.- Coal Reserves and Resources.- Coal Production and Consumption in the U.S.- Coal Uses.- Transporting Coal.- Questions.- 5 Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Coal.- Coal Structure as It Relates to Coal Conversion.- Conversion of Coal to Gaseous Fuels.- High-Btu Gas (SNG).- Probable Uses of Gaseous Fuels from Coal.- In-Situ Gasification of Coal.- Status of Commercialization of Coal Gasification.- Conversion of Coal to Liquid Fuels.- Indirect Liquefaction: The Fischer-Tropsch Process.- Efficiency of Coal Liquefaction Processes.- Sulfur Removal in Coal Conversion Processes.- The Cost of the First Commercial Coal Liquefaction Plants.- The Uncertain Voice of the Federal Government and the Future of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal.- Alcohol Fuel from Coal.- Questions.- 6 Fuels from Oil Shale, Tar Sands, Biomass, Waste.- Oil Shale.- Recovery of Oil Shale.- Recovery of Raw Shale Oil.- The Spent Shale Problem.- Oil Shale Resources and Reserves.- Status of Oil Shale Recovery Technology.- Tar Sands.- The United States Reserves.- Reserves in Canada and South America.- Status of Development.- Energy from Biomass.- Energy from Waste.- Municipal and Industrial Waste.- Wood Waste.- Animal Waste.- Questions.- 7 Fossil Fuel Reserves Versus Consumption.- Comparative Amounts of Fossil Fuel Reserves.- Energy Consumption in the United States.- Substitution of Coal for Petroleum and/or Natural Gas.- Questions.- 8 Electric Power.- Electric Current.- Generation of a Voltage.- Producing Rotation of the Coil in the Magnetic Field.- The Carnot Cycle.- Energy Source Contributions to Electric Power Generation.- Uses of Electricity in the Residential and Commercial Sectors.- Electricity and the Debate over Use of Fossil Fuels.- Electric Heating of Homes.- Substitution for Fossil Fuels in Electric Power Generation.- The Uneven Power Demand-Base Load Versus Peak Load.- Blackout and Brownout.- Long-Distance Power Transmission.- The Transformer and Substation.- Electric Power Generation Costs Versus Energy Resource.- Growth in Electric Power Demand.- Other Facts and Factors in Electric Power Generation.- Questions.- 9 Nuclear Energy.- Atomic Number.- Isotopes.- Nuclear Fission.- Enrichment.- Critical Mass and the Nuclear Reaction Process.- Energy Release in a Nuclear Reaction.- The Nuclear Fission Process.- The Principle of Half-Life.- Concept of Transmutation in Radioactive Waste Disposal.- The Reactor for Controlled Nuclear Fission for Electric Power.- Types of Reactors.- The Breeder Reactor.- General Statements About Controlled Nuclear Fission.- Nuclear Fusion.- Nuclear Fusion Temperatures.- Containment of the Reactants to Ach
