Beschreibung
Inhaltsangabe1 Energy Concepts, Forms, Laws.- Basic Energy Concepts.- Energy Forms.- Fossil Fuels as Sources of Energy.- Machines for Doing Work.- Energy Consumption and Gross Domestic Product.- Energy Fuel Use Patterns in the United States.- Questions.- 2 Petroleum.- Formation of Petroleum.- Recovery of Petroleum.- OPEC-Objectives and Member Countries.- The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973.- Petroleum Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Petroleum Demand.- Production of Petroleum.- United States Petroleum Demand, 1950 to Present.- U.S Petroleum Imports, 1950 to Present.- Reasons for Concern About Large and Growing Petroleum Imports.- The Strategic Petroleum Reserve.- Profits and Losses in the Oil Industry.- Total Energy Impact of Transportation in the United States.- Petroleum Refining.- Distillation.- Catalysis.- Octane Number.- The Catalytic Converter.- Unleaded Gasoline.- Catalytic Dehydrogenation.- Catalytic Reforming.- Catalytic Alkylation.- Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG).- Catalytic Cracking.- Other Techniques for Increasing Gasoline Yields.- The Diesel Engine.- Lubricating Oils.- Questions.- 3 Natural Gas.- Natural Gas Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Production of Natural Gas.- Coal Bed Methane.- Price Controls on Natural Gas.- Uses of Natural Gas.- Questions.- 4 Coal.- Origin of Coal.- Coal Rank.- Coal Mining.- Coal Resources Versus Coal Reserves.- Coal Reserves and Resources.- Coal Production and Consumption in the U.S.- Coal Uses.- Transporting Coal.- Questions.- 5 Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Coal.- Coal Structure as It Relates to Coal Conversion.- Conversion of Coal to Gaseous Fuels.- High-Btu Gas (SNG).- Probable Uses of Gaseous Fuels from Coal.- In-Situ Gasification of Coal.- Status of Commercialization of Coal Gasification.- Conversion of Coal to Liquid Fuels.- Indirect Liquefaction: The Fischer-Tropsch Process.- Efficiency of Coal Liquefaction Processes.- Sulfur Removal in Coal Conversion Processes.- The Cost of the First Commercial Coal Liquefaction Plants.- The Uncertain Voice of the Federal Government and the Future of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal.- Alcohol Fuel from Coal.- Questions.- 6 Fuels from Oil Shale, Tar Sands, Biomass, Waste.- Oil Shale.- Recovery of Oil Shale.- Recovery of Raw Shale Oil.- The Spent Shale Problem.- Oil Shale Resources and Reserves.- Status of Oil Shale Recovery Technology.- Tar Sands.- The United States Reserves.- Reserves in Canada and South America.- Status of Development.- Energy from Biomass.- Energy from Waste.- Municipal and Industrial Waste.- Wood Waste.- Animal Waste.- Questions.- 7 Fossil Fuel Reserves Versus Consumption.- Comparative Amounts of Fossil Fuel Reserves.- Energy Consumption in the United States.- Substitution of Coal for Petroleum and/or Natural Gas.- Questions.- 8 Electric Power.- Electric Current.- Generation of a Voltage.- Producing Rotation of the Coil in the Magnetic Field.- The Carnot Cycle.- Energy Source Contributions to Electric Power Generation.- Uses of Electricity in the Residential and Commercial Sectors.- Electricity and the Debate over Use of Fossil Fuels.- Electric Heating of Homes.- Substitution for Fossil Fuels in Electric Power Generation.- The Uneven Power Demand-Base Load Versus Peak Load.- Blackout and Brownout.- Long-Distance Power Transmission.- The Transformer and Substation.- Electric Power Generation Costs Versus Energy Resource.- Growth in Electric Power Demand.- Other Facts and Factors in Electric Power Generation.- Questions.- 9 Nuclear Energy.- Atomic Number.- Isotopes.- Nuclear Fission.- Enrichment.- Critical Mass and the Nuclear Reaction Process.- Energy Release in a Nuclear Reaction.- The Nuclear Fission Process.- The Principle of Half-Life.- Concept of Transmutation in Radioactive Waste Disposal.- The Reactor for Controlled Nuclear Fission for Electric Power.- Types of Reactors.- The Breeder Reactor.- General Statements About Controlled Nuclear Fission.- Nuclear Fusion.- Nuclear Fusion Temperatures.- Containment of the Reactants to Ach
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1 Energy Concepts, Forms, Laws.- Basic Energy Concepts.- Energy Forms.- Fossil Fuels as Sources of Energy.- Machines for Doing Work.- Energy Consumption and Gross Domestic Product.- Energy Fuel Use Patterns in the United States.- Questions.- 2 Petroleum.- Formation of Petroleum.- Recovery of Petroleum.- OPEC-Objectives and Member Countries.- The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973.- Petroleum Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Petroleum Demand.- Production of Petroleum.- United States Petroleum Demand, 1950 to Present.- U.S Petroleum Imports, 1950 to Present.- Reasons for Concern About Large and Growing Petroleum Imports.- The Strategic Petroleum Reserve.- Profits and Losses in the Oil Industry.- Total Energy Impact of Transportation in the United States.- Petroleum Refining.- Distillation.- Catalysis.- Octane Number.- The Catalytic Converter.- Unleaded Gasoline.- Catalytic Dehydrogenation.- Catalytic Reforming.- Catalytic Alkylation.- Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG).- Catalytic Cracking.- Other Techniques for Increasing Gasoline Yields.- The Diesel Engine.- Lubricating Oils.- Questions.- 3 Natural Gas.- Natural Gas Reserves, Known and Recoverable.- Production of Natural Gas.- Coal Bed Methane.- Price Controls on Natural Gas.- Uses of Natural Gas.- Questions.- 4 Coal.- Origin of Coal.- Coal Rank.- Coal Mining.- Coal Resources Versus Coal Reserves.- Coal Reserves and Resources.- Coal Production and Consumption in the U.S.- Coal Uses.- Transporting Coal.- Questions.- 5 Gaseous and Liquid Fuels from Coal.- Coal Structure as It Relates to Coal Conversion.- Conversion of Coal to Gaseous Fuels.- High-Btu Gas (SNG).- Probable Uses of Gaseous Fuels from Coal.- In-Situ Gasification of Coal.- Status of Commercialization of Coal Gasification.- Conversion of Coal to Liquid Fuels.- Indirect Liquefaction: The Fischer-Tropsch Process.- Efficiency of Coal Liquefaction Processes.- Sulfur Removal in Coal Conversion Processes.- The Cost of the First Commercial Coal Liquefaction Plants.- The Uncertain Voice of the Federal Government and the Future of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal.- Alcohol Fuel from Coal.- Questions.- 6 Fuels from Oil Shale, Tar Sands, Biomass, Waste.- Oil Shale.- Recovery of Oil Shale.- Recovery of Raw Shale Oil.- The Spent Shale Problem.- Oil Shale Resources and Reserves.- Status of Oil Shale Recovery Technology.- Tar Sands.- The United States Reserves.- Reserves in Canada and South America.- Status of Development.- Energy from Biomass.- Energy from Waste.- Municipal and Industrial Waste.- Wood Waste.- Animal Waste.- Questions.- 7 Fossil Fuel Reserves Versus Consumption.- Comparative Amounts of Fossil Fuel Reserves.- Energy Consumption in the United States.- Substitution of Coal for Petroleum and/or Natural Gas.- Questions.- 8 Electric Power.- Electric Current.- Generation of a Voltage.- Producing Rotation of the Coil in the Magnetic Field.- The Carnot Cycle.- Energy Source Contributions to Electric Power Generation.- Uses of Electricity in the Residential and Commercial Sectors.- Electricity and the Debate over Use of Fossil Fuels.- Electric Heating of Homes.- Substitution for Fossil Fuels in Electric Power Generation.- The Uneven Power Demand-Base Load Versus Peak Load.- Blackout and Brownout.- Long-Distance Power Transmission.- The Transformer and Substation.- Electric Power Generation Costs Versus Energy Resource.- Growth in Electric Power Demand.- Other Facts and Factors in Electric Power Generation.- Questions.- 9 Nuclear Energy.- Atomic Number.- Isotopes.- Nuclear Fission.- Enrichment.- Critical Mass and the Nuclear Reaction Process.- Energy Release in a Nuclear Reaction.- The Nuclear Fission Process.- The Principle of Half-Life.- Concept of Transmutation in Radioactive Waste Disposal.- The Reactor for Controlled Nuclear Fission for Electric Power.- Types of Reactors.- The Breeder Reactor.- General Statements About Controlled Nuclear Fission.- Nuclear Fusion.- Nuclear Fusion Temperatures.- Containment of the Reactants to Ach
