Beschreibung
The reduction of the consumption of resources and the noise and polluting emissions of technical flow processes such as combustion and injection processes is of high social relevance and requires a deeper understanding of the occurring flow phenomena. For this purpose the metrological acquisition of the flows is necessary, whereat especially the flow velocity is of high interest. However, flow velocity measurements in dynamic or reactive fluids make great demands on the engaged measurement techniques. In order to resolve velocity oscillations or unsteady phenomena with short timescales a simultaneous three component measurement with a high measurement rate of 100 kHz or more is required. To analyze complex and small-scale velocity fields an imaging or volumetric measurement with a high spatial resolution is desired. Currently available measurement systems do not fulfill all these requirements. Hence, the goal of this work is the development, characterization and qualification of a measurement system suitable for the temporally resolved acquisition of unsteady flow processes in highly dynamic and reactive fluids. For this purpose the Doppler global velocimetry with laser frequency modulation (FM-DGV) represents a promising approach, since it allows a contactless measurement with high measurement rate and in principle enables simultaneous three component and volumetric measurements. Hence, as a first step a simultaneous three component FM-DGV system and a FM-DGV system for imaging and volumetric measurements were developed. Subsequently, the realized systems were characterized regarding their velocity measurement uncertainty. It was shown, that the resulting measurement uncertainty is sufficiently small and that the influence of fluctuations of the refractive index on the measurement uncertainty can be neglected. The analysis of the measurement uncertainty due to fluctuations of the flow velocity and the scattered light power was conducted using a model-based approach. It was thereby shown, that fluctuations of the scattered light power can lead to a dominant term of the uncertainty budget. In order to demonstrate the suitability for simultaneous three component measurement with high measurement rate, measurements at a bias flow liner (BFL) were conducted. Thereby for the first time at a BFL it was possible to determine the power spectral density in Cartesian coordinates and to show the broadband energy transfer from the energy of the sound excitation to the kinetic energy of the flow. To demonstrate the measurement in reactive flows, a swirl-stabilized burner was investigated, as it is used in stationary gas turbines and airplane engines. It was possible to prove a thermo-acoustic interaction between the heat release rate and the pressure and to show a correlation between the local velocity oscillations within the flame and the global sound pressure emissions. By means of the imaging, temporally and spatially resolved measurement with high measurement rate it was furthermore possible to resolve unsteady phenomena in the near-nozzle region of a high-pressure injection nozzle without the addition of tracer particles. These developments allow further investigations regarding the stable operation of gas burners with lean mixtures, a deeper understanding of the damping effects at BFL and the optimization of injection processes in engines. Consequently, it is perspectively possible to contribute to the resource-efficient, environment-friendly and quiet operation of technical flow machines as aircraft engines, stationary gas turbines and combustion engines.
Herstellerkennzeichnung:
Shaker Verlag GmbH
Am Langen Graben 15a
52353 Düren
DE
E-Mail: info@shaker.de
