Wastewater Management for Coastal Cities

Lieferzeit: Lieferbar innerhalb 14 Tagen

106,99 €

inkl. 7 % MwSt. zzgl. Versandkosten

The Ocean Disposal Option, Environmental Science and Engineering – Environmental Engineering

ISBN: 3642797318
ISBN 13: 9783642797316
Herausgeber: Charles G Gunnerson/Jonathan A French
Verlag: Springer Verlag GmbH
Umfang: xv, 345 S.
Erscheinungsdatum: 14.12.2011
Auflage: 2/2011
Produktform: Kartoniert
Einband: KT

Increasing globalization of the world economy is being accompanied by increasing threats to the marine environment and corresponding increase in responsibilities for the engineers, scientists, and planners who are charged with protecting that environment and serving the peoples of coastal cities. During the last half of the 20th century, coastal cities and megacities have made massive investments in water supply and sanitation. And yet while qualitative health and environmental benefits have been achieved, they have rarely been quantified by post-audits that would provide rationale and priorities for future investments. The longrange goals of the editors and contributors along with the rest of us in international engineering and economic development is to make investments in coastal city wastewater management more effective and more efficient. The common object of the authors of this book, besides detailing considerable design information, is to introduce to students and practitioners the scientific, engineering, economic, and institutional frameworks within which investment and assessment decisions are further developed. Fachgebiet: Environmental Engineering Zielgruppe: Application Fachgebiet: Environmental Engineering Zielgruppe: Application William C. Carroll, Past President American Society of Civil Engineers, and World Federation of Engineering Organizations

Artikelnummer: 4381847 Kategorie:

Beschreibung

Inhaltsangabe1 Overview.- 2 Oceanography at the Margin.- 2.1 The Physical, Geological, and Chemical Framework.- 2.1.1 Oceanic Waters.- 2.1.2 Coastal Waters.- 2.1.3 Waves, Tides, and Sea Level.- 2.1.4 Marine Geology and Sedimentation.- 2.1.5 Chemistry of Seawater and Suspended Sediments.- 2.1.6 Stirring and Mixing.- 2.1.7 Bays, Estuaries, and Straits.- 2.2 The Living Sea.- 2.2.1 Ecological Relationships and Trophic Levels.- 2.2.2 Marine Productivity.- 2.2.3 Plankton.- 2.2.4 Nekton.- 2.2.5 Bacteria.- 2.2.6 Benthos.- 2.2.7 Fisheries.- 2.3 Special Topics.- 2.3.1 Public Health Aspects.- 2.3.2 Environmental Toxicity.- 2.3.3 Wave and Current Measurements.- 2.3.4 A Historical Note on Biological Oceanography.- 2.4 References.- 3 Ecological Design.- 3.1 Public Health.- 3.1.1 Marine Recreational Water.- 3.1.2 Shellfish and Finfish.- 3.2 Design for Marine Ecosystems.- 3.2.1 Eutrophication.- 3.2.2 Toxic Wastes.- 3.2.3 Minamata - A Special Case.- 3.2.4 Synthetic Organics.- 3.3 Ocean Dumping.- 3.4 References.- 4 Hydraulic Design.- 4.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 4.2 Qualitative Descriptions of Receiving Waters.- 4.2.1 Coastal Waters.- 4.2.2 Rivers.- 4.2.3 Estuaries.- 4.3 Methods of Analysis for Outfall Siting.- 4.3.1 First Questions.- 4.3.2 Worked Example of Near Field Dilution.- 4.3.3 Field Surveys.- 4.3.4 Numerical Modeling.- 4.3.5 Physical Hydraulic Models.- 4.4 Equations for Estimating Turbulent Diffusion.- 4.5 Comparisons of Results.- 4.6 Outfall and Outlet Location.- 4.6.1 Information Needs.- 4.6.2 Water Quality.- 4.6.3 Worked Example of Outfall Siting.- 4.7 Outlet Design and Initial Dilution.- 4.7.1 Single Open Ends, Rose Diffusers Caps, Multiport Diffusers.- 4.7.2 Initial Dilution for Plumes from Single Round Ports.- 4.7.3 Initial Dilution from a Line Source.- 4.7.4 Initial Dilution from a Line of Port Clusters.- 4.7.5 Quick Estimate of Likelihood of Plume Submergence.- 4.7.6 Diffuser Design.- 4.8 Other Hydraulic Design Considerations.- 4.8.1 Pipe Diameter.- 4.8.2 Thrust at Bends.- 4.8.3 Hydraulic Transients.- 4.8.4 Excess Hydrostatic Head.- 4.8.5 Drop Structures.- 4.8.6 Provision for Pigging.- 4.9 Appendix. A note on Post-Audits.- 4.10 References.- 5 Construction Materials.- 5.1 Pipe Materials.- 5.1.1 Cast Iron.- 5.1.2 Wrought Iron.- 5.1.3 Plastic.- 5.1.4 Reinforced Concrete.- 5.1.5 Coated Steel.- 5.2 Recommended Reading.- 6 On-Bottom Stability.- 6.1 Forces.- 6.1.1 Soil Forces.- 6.1.2 Hydrodynamic Forces.- 6.2 Vertical Stability of Unburied Pipelines.- 6.3 Vertical Stability of Buried Pipelines.- 6.4 Lateral Stability of Unburied Pipelines.- 6.4.1 Density Anchors.- 6.4.2 Mechanical Anchors.- 6.5 Lateral Stability of Buried Pipelines.- 6.6 References.- 7 Stress Analysis.- 7.1 Identifying and Analyzing Stress.- 7.1.1 Stress from Anchors.- 7.1.2 Unsupported Span Analysis.- 7.1.3 Collapse/Buckling Analysis.- 7.2 References.- 8 Corrosion Control.- 8.1 Corrosion Protection for Steel in Seawater.- 8.1.1 Cathodic Protection.- 8.1.2 External Coatings.- 8.1.3 Internal Coatings.- 8.1.4 Recommended Reading.- 9 Ocean Outfall Construction.- 9.1 Practical Limits to Current Construction Practices.- 9.1.1 Selecting a Construction Method.- 9.1.2 Classification of Construction Methods.- 9.1.3 State-of-the-Art Constraints.- 9.2 Construction Methods.- 9.2.1 Bottom Assembly Methods.- 9.2.2 Pipe Laying from a Mobile Jack-up Platform.- 9.2.3 Pipe Laying from a Trestle.- 9.2.4 Pipe Laying from a Floating Crane Barge.- 9.2.5 Surface Assembly from an Offshore Lay Barge.- 9.2.6 Bottom Pull Method.- 9.2.7 Floats and Chain Method.- 9.2.8 On-Bottom Connection of Short Lengths.- 9.2.9 Bottom Pull from Floating Work Platforms.- 9.2.10 Surface Pull (Flotation) Method.- 9.2.11 Remote Assembly Method.- 9.3 Trenching and Backfilling.- 9.3.1 Controlling Factors.- 9.3.2 Trenching Methods.- 9.3.3 Backfilling Methods.- 9.4 Shore Approach.- 9.4.1 Design Considerations.- 9.4.2 Construction Considerations.- 9.5 Tunneling.- 9.5.1 Horizontal Directional Drilling and Microtunneling.- 9.5.2 La

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen …