Beschreibung
A textbook on lasers and optical engineering should include all aspects of lasers and optics; however, this is a large undertaking. The objective of this book is to give an introduction to the subject on a level such that under graduate students (mostly juniors/seniors), from disciplines like electrical engineering, physics, and optical engineering, can use the book. To achieve this goal, a lot of basic background material, central to the subject, has been covered in optics and laser physics. Students with an elementary knowledge of freshman physics and with no formal courses in electromagnetic theory should be able to follow the book, although for some sections, knowledge of electromagnetic theory, the Fourier transform, and linear systems would be highly beneficial. There are excellent books on optics, laser physics, and optical engineering. Actually, most of my knowledge was acquired through these. However, when I started teaching an undergraduate course in 1974, under the same heading as the title of this book, I had to use four books to cover the material I thought an electrical engineer needed for his introduction to the world of lasers and optical engineering. In my sabbatical year, 1980-1981, I started writing class notes for my students, so that they could get through the course by possibly buying only one book. Eventually, these notes grew with the help of my undergraduate and graduate students, and the final result is this book.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contents: Geometrical Optics.- Physical Optics, Wave Optics, Fourier Optics.- Lasers.- Applications.- Appendix: Delta Function.- Supplemental References.- Index.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeI Geometrical Optics.- 1.1. Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics.- 1.1.1. Discussion of Waves.- 1.1.2. Snell's Laws.- 1.2. Matrix Formulation of Geometrical Optics.- 1.2.1. Some Properties of Matrices.- 1.2.2. The Translational Matrix.- 1.2.3. The Matrix for Refraction.- 1.2.4. Matrix for a Simple Lens.- 1.3. Image Formation.- 1.3.1. Image Formation by a Thin Lens in Air.- 1.4. Complex Systems.- 1.4.1. Image Formation Using an Equivalent Thin-Lens Formulation.- 1.5. The Telescoping System.- 1.6. Some Comments About the Matrix Method.- 1.7. Apertures and Stops.- 1.7.1. The Aperture Stop.- 1.7.2. The Field Stop.- 1.7.3. Field of View.- 1.8. Radiometry and Photometry.- 1.8.1. Radiometry.- 1.8.2. Photometric Unit.- 1.9. Exact Matrices and Aberration.- 1.9.1. Exact Matrices.- 1.9.2. Exact Matrices for Skew Rays.- 1.9.3. Aberration.- 1.9.4. Spherical Aberration.- 1.9.5. Coma.- 1.9.6. Astigmatism.- 1.9.7. Curvature of Field.- 1.9.8. Distortion.- 1.9.9. Chromatic Aberration.- References.- II Physical Optics, Wave Optics, and Fourier Optics.- 2.1. Fundamentals of Diffraction.- 2.1.1. Maxwell's Equations.- 2.2. Radiation from a Source.- 2.3. The Diffraction Problem.- 2.4. Different Regions of Diffraction.- 2.4.1. The Fresnel Approximation.- 2.4.2. The Fraunhofer Approximation.- 2.4.3. The Spatial Frequency.- 2.4.4. Summary of Formulas.- 2.5. The Fourier Transform.- 2.5.1. Physical Interpretation of the Fourier Transform.- 2.5.2. The Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform.- 2.6. Some Examples of Fraunhofer Diffraction.- 2.6.1. The One-Dimensional Rectangular Aperture.- 2.6.2. The Two-Dimensional Rectangular Aperture.- 2.6.3. One-Dimensional Aperture Centered at x = x0.- 2.6.4. One-Dimensional Rectangular Aperture with Uniform Light Shining at an Angle 6 with Respect to the Optical Axis.- 2.6.5. Some Discussion About the Free Space Propagation of Waves.- 2.7. Phase Transmission Functions and Lens.- 2.8. Fresnel Diffraction.- 2.8.1. Fresnel Diffraction and Lens.- 2.8.2. Diffraction Grating.- 2.8.3. Sinusoidal Gratings.- 2.8.4. Fresnel Diffraction Without Lens.- 2.9. Detection and Coherence.- 2.9.1. Detection.- 2.9.2. Coherency.- 2.10. Interference.- 2.10.1. Young's Experiment.- 2.10.2. Interference due to the Dielectric Layer.- 2.10.3. Michaelson's Interferometer.- 2.10.4. Interference by Multiple Reflections and the Fabry-Perot Interferometer.- 2.11. Holography.- 2.11.1. Photography.- 2.11.2. The Making of a Hologram.- 2.11.3. Reconstruction of a Hologram.- 2.11.4. The Gabor Hologram.- 2.11.5. Analogy with Radio and Information Storage.- 2.11.6. Some Comments About Holograms.- 2.11.7. Hologram Using Point-Source References.- 2.12. Physical Optics.- 2.12.1. Total Internal Reflection and Optical Tunneling.- 2.12.2. Reflection and Transmission Coefficients.- 2.12.3. Polarization.- 2.12.4. Phase Velocity, Group Velocity, and Ray Velocity.- 2.12.5. Propagation in Anisotropic Media.- 2.12.6. Double Refraction and Polarizers.- 2.12.7. The Electro-Optic Effect.- 2.12.8. The Acousto-Optic Effect.- 2.12.9. Optical Activity and Magneto-Optics.- References.- III Lasers.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Amplifier and Oscillator.- 3.3. The Fabry-Perot Laser.- 3.4. Laser Cavity.- 3.4.1. Cavity Stability Using Geometrical Optics.- 3.5. Gaussian Beam Optics.- 3.5.1. Gaussian Optics Including Lenses.- 3.6. Solution of the Cavity Problem.- 3.6.1. Frequency of Oscillation.- 3.6.2. Unstable Resonators.- 3.7. Photon, Stimulated, and Spontaneous Emission, and the Einstein Relationship.- 3.8. Light Amplifier-Population Inversion.- 3.9. Different Types of Light Amplifiers and Quantum Efficiency.- 3.10. Rate Dynamics of Four-Level Lasers.- 3.10.1. Optimum Output Power.- 3.11. Properties of Laser Light.- 3.12. Q-Switching and Mode Locking.- 3.12.1. Single-Mode and Multimode Lasers: Lamb Dip.- 3.12.2. Mode Locking of Multimode Lasers.- 3.12.3. Q-Switching.- 3.13. Lasers.- 3.13.1. The Gas Laser.- 3.13.2. Solid State Lasers.- 3.13.3. Dye Lasers.- 3.13.4. Semiconductor Lasers.- 3.13
