Beschreibung
InhaltsangabeExperimental Hepatotoxicity.- A. Introductory Considerations.- B. Historical Aspects.- C. Relevance of Experimental Hepatotoxicity.- D. Vulnerability of the Liver to Toxic Injury.- I. Concentration of Agents in Liver.- II. Liver as Portal to Tissues.- III. Metabolism of Foreign Compounds.- IV. Enzyme Induction.- V. Factors That Modify Susceptibility.- 1. Species.- 2. Age.- 3. Sex and Other Endocrine Factors.- 4. Nutritional State.- E. Types of Experimental Models.- I. Whole Animals.- 1. Parameters of Injury.- 2. Histology.- 3. Chemical Changes in Hepatic Tissue.- 4. Physiological and Biochemical Measure of Hepatic Function and Injury.- II. In Vitro Models.- 1. Liver Perfusion.- 2. Tissue Homogenates and Slices.- 3. Hepatocyte Suspensions.- 4. Organelles.- 5. Nuclear Components.- F. Types of Toxic Hepatic Injury.- I. Changes Observed by Light Microscopy.- 1. Acute Hepatic Injury.- 2. Chronic Hepatic Injury.- 3. Carcinogenesis.- G. Classification of Hepatotoxins.- I. Intrinsic Hepatotoxins.- II. Hepatic Injury Owing to Host Idiosyncracy.- H. Direct Hepatotoxins.- I. Carbon Tetrachloride.- 1. Chemical Properties.- 2. Toxicity in Humans.- 3. Experimental Models.- 4. Factors in Susceptibility.- 5. Experimental Injury.- 6. Evolution of Hepatic Injury.- 7. Mechanism of Injury.- 8. Alcohol and Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity.- 9. Chronic Toxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride.- a) Cirrhosis.- b) Carcinogenesis.- 10. Other Halogenated Hydrocarbons.- II. Phosphorous.- 1. Chemical Properties.- 2. Toxicity in Humans.- a) Histopathology.- b) Blood Changes.- 3. Experimental Animals and Susceptibility.- 4. Acute Toxicity.- 5. Chronic Toxicity.- 6. Mechanism of Injury.- I. Indirect Hepatotoxins.- I. Cytotoxic Indirect Hepatotoxins.- 1. Types of Injury.- 2. Mechanisms.- 3. Experimental Models.- 4. Ethionine.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Properties.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Form of Hepatic Injury.- 5. Thioacetamide.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Experimental Toxicity.- e) Mechanism of Injury.- 6. Dialkylnitrosamines.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Toxic Effects.- e) Metabolism of DMN and Mechanism of Injury.- 7. Tannic Acid.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Properties.- c) Injury in Humans.- d) Experimental Toxicity.- e) Factors in Susceptibility.- f) Acute Injury.- g) Chronic Toxicity.- h) Mechanism of Injury.- 8. Aflatoxins.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Sources.- d) Factors in Susceptibility.- e) Hepatic Injury.- f) Mechanism of Hepatic Injury.- 9. Pyrrolidizine Alkaloids.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Injury in Humans.- d) Factors in Susceptibility.- e) Experimental Toxicity.- f) Mechanism of Injury.- 10. Hepatotoxic Principles of Mushrooms.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics of Toxic Principles.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Toxicity for Humans.- e) Experimental Studies.- f) Mechanism of Injury.- g) Prevention of Toxicity.- 11. Galactosamine.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Experimental Hepatotoxicity.- e) Mechanism of Injury.- 12. Orotic Acid.- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Experimental Injury.- e) Mechanism of Injury.- II. Cholestatic Indirect Hepatotoxins.- 1. Icterogenin.- a) Chemical Properties.- b) Experimental Models.- c) Factors in Susceptibility.- d) Toxic Effects.- 2. Sporidesmin.- 3. ?-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT).- a) Significance.- b) Chemical Characteristics.- c) Experimental Models.- d) Factors in Susceptibility.- e) Toxic Effects.- f) Mechanism of Injury.- K. Concluding Comments.- I. Toxins of Living Origin.- II. Toxins of Non-Living Origin.- Appendix. Meaning of Abbreviations.- References.- Liver Disease Due to Infection and Allergy.- A. Introduction.- B. Liver Disease Due to Infection.- I. Multicellular Parasites.- 1. Cestodes.- 2. Trematodes (Flukes).- 3
Herstellerkennzeichnung:
Springer Verlag GmbH
Tiergartenstr. 17
69121 Heidelberg
DE
E-Mail: juergen.hartmann@springer.com
