Beschreibung
Most authors who have studied the whole visual system described the fiber connections between the different nuclear centers (Monakow, 1883, 1889; Probst, 1900; Minkowski, 1913, 1920, 1934; Kosaka and Hiraiwa, 1914; Put nam, 1926; Oshinomi, 1930; Papez and Freeman, 1930; Lashley, 1931, 1934a, 1934b, 1941; Barris and Ingram, 1933/34; Le Gros Clark and Penman, 1934; Waller, 1934; Chang, 1936; Gillilan, 1940; Le Gros Clark, 1942; Krieg, 1946a, 1946b, 1947; Nauta and Bucher, 1954; Hayhow et al., 1962; Lund, 1966; Mon tero, 1968). The histogenetic and cytogenetic differentiation of the various components of the visual system has been treated in numerous individual studies mostly on the cerebral cortex and the retina and to a lesser degree on the superior col liculus and the lateral geniculate body, however, it has not yet been investigated under the aspects of developmental interactions of a functional system on the basis of comparing the development of the different brain parts involved with re spect to the establishment of a functionally interrelated system. The first concepts of the histological differentiation of the neural tube and parts of the more advanced central nervous system were based on the classical neuroblast-spon gioblast-theory of His (1889, 1904), Cajal (1911, 1960) and Lorente de No (1922, 1933, 1949). The development of the definitive cerebral cortex with its 6 laminae according to Tilney (1933) was attributed to three successive cell migrations which form the supragranular, granular and infragranular layers.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeI. Introduction.- II. Material and Methods.- III. Results.- Day 13 of gestation.- Retina.- Brain stem.- Visual cortex.- Day 15 of gestation.- Retina.- Brain stem.- Visual cortex.- Day 17 of gestation.- Retina.- Colliculus superior.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Visual cortex.- Days 18 and 19 of gestation.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Days 20 and 21 of gestation.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Third postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Seventh postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Tenth postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- Fourteenth postnatal day.- Retina.- Corpus geniculatum laterale.- Colliculus superior.- Visual cortex.- IV. Discussion.- 1. The ventricular zone in its significance for the cell proliferation and the resulting growth of area and thickness of the immature brain.- a) Proliferation and mitotic cycle.- b) The structure of the ventricular zone (with special consideration of the developmental stages in which the ventricular zone represents almost the whole neural wall).- c) The ultrastructure of the ventricular cells.- d) The behavior of the ventricular zone in different phases of development and different brain regions.- e) Problems of growth of area and thickness of the developing brain.- 2. The histological and cytological differentiation.- a) Cortex occipitalis.- ?) The prenatal neurogenesis and gliogenesis of the cortical layers.- ?) The mechanism of differentiation.- ?) The development of the cortical layers.- ?) The cytological differentiation of the occipital cerebral cortex.- b) Colliculus superior and corpus geniculatum laterale.- ?) Histogenetic similarities and differences in comparison with the cortical development.- ?) The cytological differentiation of the colliculus superior and the corpus geniculatum laterale.- c) The development of the retina.- ?) The ventricular zone.- ?) The inner nuclear layer.- ?) The ganglion cell layer.- ?) Model of the retinal histogenesis.- 3. Comparison of the development of the four visual centers with regard to their functional integration into the visual system.- a) Comparison of the differentiation of the neurons that establish the contact between the individual visual centers.- b) Comparison of the differentiation of the other neurons in the primary visual centers.- V. Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.
