Beschreibung
It was in 1979 when GROVE et al. isolated from pollen of rape (Brassica nap us) a highly active plant growth promoter, named it brassinolide and elucidated its structure as (22R,23R,24S)-2
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeBrassinosteroids.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Natural Occurrence and Distribution.- 3. Structures.- 4. Isolation and Purification.- 5. Analysis of Brassinosteroids.- 5.1. GC-MS Analysis.- 5.2. HPLC Analysis.- 5.3. NMR Spectroscopy.- 6. Synthesis.- 7. Biosynthesis.- 7.1. Biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.- 7.2. Biosynthesis in Other Species.- 8. Metabolism of Brassinosteroids.- 8.1. Metabolism in Plants.- 8.2. Metabolism in Cell Cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum.- 8.3. Metabolism in Cell Cultures of Ornithopus sativus.- 9. Physiological Action.- 10. Molecular Mode of Action.- 11. Conclusions.- References.- Chemistry of the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chemistry of Limonoids.- 2.1. Protolimonoids.- 2.2. Apo-Protolimonoids.- 2.3. Apo-Protolimonoids Derived from Loss of 4C-Atoms from the Side Chain which Possess a Hemiacetal Group.- 2.4. Limonoids with Intact Four Rings and a ?-Hydroxybutenolide Side Chain.- 2.5. Azadirone and its Natural Analogues.- 2.6. Homoazadirone Group.- 2.7. Gedunin Group.- 2.8. Vilasinin Group.- 2.9. Nimbin Group.- 2.10. Nimbolide Group.- 2.11. Nimbinene Group.- 2.12. Nimbolinin Group.- 2.13. Salannin Group.- 2.14. Azadirachtol Group.- 2.15. Meliacarpin Group.- 2.16. Meliacarpinin and Azadirachtinin Group.- 2.17. Azadirachtin Group.- 2.18. Azadirachtin.- 2.18.1. Biological Activity.- 2.18.2. Structure-Activity Relationships.- 2.18.3. Structure Determination.- 2.18.4. Chemical Reactions.- 2.18.4.1. Reaction of -OH Group.- 2.18.4.1.1. Acetylation.- 2.18.4.1.2. Silylation.- 2.18.4.1.3. Methylation.- 2.18.4.2. Hydrogenation.- 2.18.4.3. Reactions of the Enol Ether Functions.- 2.18.4.4. Saponification Reactions.- 2.18.4.5. Functional Group Chemistry of Azadirachtol.- 2.18.4.6. Oxidation Reactions.- 2.18.4.7. Functional Group Chemistry of 7-Keto Azadirachtins.- 2.18.4.8. Retro-Aldo1 Reaction.- 2.18.4.9. Skeletal Rearrangements.- 2.18.5. Synthesis.- 2.18.5.1. Synthesis of Dihydrofuranacetal Fragment 'A'.- 2.18.5.1.1. Preparation of Prototype Coupling Fragment.- 2.18.5.2. Decalin 'B' Synthesis.- 2.18.5.3. Coupling of 'A' and 'B' Fragments.- 3. Other Compounds.- 3.1. Diterpenoids.- 3.2. Steroids and Other Triterpenoids.- 3.3. Phenolic Compounds.- 3.3.1. Flavonoids.- 3.3.2. Flavonoglycosides.- 3.3.3. Coumarins.- 3.3.4. Dihydrochalcone.- 3.3.5. Tannins.- 3.4. Carbohydrates and Proteins.- 3.5. Sulphur Compounds.- 3.6. Hydrocarbons, Acids and Esters.- References.- Author Index.
