Beschreibung
The research described in this book arose, in large part, from a sense of frustration. For a number of years I had been studying the physiology of the spinocervical tract, a somatosensory pathway, in the cat's spinal cord. But I did not know, precisely, where the cells of origin of the tract were located and therefore did not know what they looked like or whether there were any correlations between structure and function. It was true that electrophysiolo gical experiments had indicated their probable situation in the dorsal horn, and anatomical work had described the morphology of cells that were likely to give rise to the axons of the tract; but this was not satisfactory. With the publication, by Stretton and Kravitz in 1968, of the Procion Yellow ionophoretic method for intracellular staining, a new tool became available for studying the morphology of physiologically identified neurones. We used the techniques and, although very pleased with the beautiful appearance of the dendritic trees of neurones seen in the fluorescence microscope, we were again frustrated, this time by the inability of Procion Yellow to stain axons for any considerable length. Therefore, P. K. Rose and P. J. Snow and I began to try to develop a method that would stain the axon, together with its collaterals, in addition to the soma and dendrites of an intracellularly re corded neurone.
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1 Spinal cord organization: an introduction.- A. Cytoarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord: Rexed's scheme.- B. An assessment of spinal cord cytoarchitectonics.- C. Physiological classifications of dorsal horn neurones.- D. Resume of spinal cord anatomy.- I. Primary afferent fibres.- 1. Entrance into the spinal cord.- 2. Collaterals.- II. Identified neurones in the spinal cord.- 1. Cells of origin of ascending pathways.- a) Spinocervical tract.- b) Post-synaptic dorsal column pathway.- c) Spinothalamic tract.- d) Dorsal spinocerebellar tract.- e) Ventral spinocerebellar tract.- f) Other ascending tracts.- 2. Identified interneurones with short axons.- a) Renshaw cells.- b) la inhibitory interneurones.- 3. Motoneurones.- 2 Axons innervating hair follicle receptors.- A. Physiology of hair follicle afferent units.- I. Classification.- II. Responses to hair movement.- III. Receptive fields.- B. Central projections of hair follicle afferent fibres.- C. Morphology of axons innervating hair follicle receptors.- I. Entry of axons into the spinal cord, branching and collateral distribution.- II. Morphology of collaterals and their arborizations.- III. Synaptic boutons.- 1. Morphology.- 2. Distribution.- 3. Density.- IV. Organization of collaterals in the dorsal horn.- 1. Organization of collaterals from a single axon.- 2. Somatotopic organization.- 3 Axons innervating rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin.- A. Axons innervating Pacinian corpuscles.- I. Pacinian corpuscles and their response properties.- II. Central projections of afferent fibres innervating Pacinian corpuscles.- III. Morphology of axons innervating Pacinian corpuscles in the foot and toe pads.- 1. Entry of axons into the spinal cord, branching and collateral distribution.- 2. Morphology of collaterals and their arborizations.- 3. Synaptic boutons.- a) Morphology and distribution.- b) Density.- 4. Organization of collaterals in the dorsal horn.- B. Axons innervating rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin.- I. The receptor and its response properties.- II. Central projections of afferent fibres innervating rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors in the foot and toe pads.- III. Morphology of axons innervating rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors.- 1. Entry of axons into the spinal cord, branching and collateral distribution.- 2. Morphology of collaterals and their arborizations.- 3. Synaptic boutons.- 4. Organization of collaterals in the spinal cord.- 4 Axons innervating slowly adapting Type I mechanoreceptors.- A. Morphology of the Type I receptor.- I. In hairy skin.- II. In glabrous skin.- B. Physiology of Type I units.- I. From hairy skin.- II. From glabrous skin.- C. Central projections of Type I afferent fibres.- D. Morphology of axons innervating Type I receptors.- I. Entry of axons into the spinal cord, branching and collateral distribution.- II. Morphology of collaterals and their arborizations.- III. Synaptic boutons.- 1. Morphology.- 2. Distribution.- 3. Density.- IV. Organization of collaterals in the dorsal horn.- 5 Axons innervating slowly adapting Type II mechanoreceptors.- A. Morphology of the Type II receptor.- B. Physiology of Type II units.- C. Central projections of Type II afferent fibres.- D. Morphology of axons innervating Type II receptors.- I. Entry of axons into the spinal cord, branching and collateral distribution.- II. Morphology of collaterals and their arborizations.- III. Synaptic boutons.- 1. Lamina III and dorsal lamina IV.- 2. Ventral lamina IV.- 3. Lamina V and dorsal lamina VI.- IV. Organization of collaterals in the dorsal horn.- 6 Spinocervical tract neurones.- A. Physiology of the spinocervical tract.- I. Types of unit in the tract.- II. Actions of descending control systems.- III. Transmission of information through the tract.- B. Anatomy of the spinocervical tract.- I. Location of neurones.- II. Density and distribution of neurones.- III. Somatotopic organization.- IV. Morphology of neurones.- 1. Somata and
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