Beschreibung
Inhaltsangabe1 Introduction.- 2 Basic Concepts.- 2.1 Basic Principles of MRI.- 2.1.1 Design of a Magnetic Resonance Unit.- 2.1.2 Radiofrequency Coils.- 2.1.3 Basic Conduct of the MRM Examination.- 2.2 Contrast Media in MRI.- 2.3 Medical Significance of Breast Tumors.- 2.4 Breast Imaging Modalities.- 2.4.1 X-Ray Mammography.- 2.4.2 Sonography.- 2.4.3 Thermography.- 2.4.4 Computed Tomography.- 2.4.5 Angiography.- 3 Brief Review of the Development of Magnetic Resonance Mammography.- 3.1 Development of MRM.- 3.2 Present Investigations.- 4 Present Indications for MRM.- 5 Optimum Procedure for the MRM Examination.- 5.1 History.- 5.2 Procedure.- 5.3 Problems and Sources of Error in MRM.- 5.3.1 Problems of Patient Selection.- 5.3.2 Problems of Positioning.- 5.3.3 Problems of Imaging.- 5.3.4 Errors in Injecting the Contrast Medium.- 5.3.5 Errors of Image Interpretation.- 6 Clinical Aspects.- 6.1 General Criteria for Image Interpretation.- 6.2 The Normal Breast.- 6.3 Carcinoma.- 6.4 Fibroadenoma.- 6.5 Cysts.- 6.6 Scars.- 6.7 Mastopathies.- 6.8 Special Cases.- 6.8.1 Status After Plastic Surgery.- 6.8.2 Inflammatory Carcinoma, Mastitis.- 6.8.3 Nipple and Skin Changes.- 6.8.4 Status After Irradiation.- 6.8.5 Postoperative Complications.- 6.8.6 Lactating Breast.- 6.8.7 Breast Diseases in Males.- 6.8.8 Apocrine Carcinoma.- 6.8.9 Cystosarcoma Phylloides.- 6.9 Comparison of the Results of MRM and X-Ray Mammography.- 7 Teaching Examples.- 8 Interpretation.- 8.1 General.- 8.2 The Normal Breast.- 8.3 Carcinoma.- 8.4 Fibroadenoma.- 8.5 Cysts.- 8.6 Mastopathies.- 8.7 Scars.- 8.8 Lactating Breast.- 8.9 Comparison of MRM Results with X-Ray Mammography.- 8.10 Future Outlook.- 9 Summary.- Appendix: Research on the Development and Optimization of the Examination Technique.- A.1 MRI Equipment.- A.2 Coils for Breast Examination.- A.2.1 Coil Development.- A.2.2 Comparison of Three Different Breast Coils.- A.3 Examination Parameters.- A.4 Spin-Echo Examination Technique.- A.5 Gradient-Echo Sequences: Test Phase.- A.6 Dynamic Examinations.- A.7 3D-Dynamic Gradient-Echo Examinations.- A.8 In Vitro Studies of MR Contrast Enhancement.- A.9 Two-Dimensional Multislice FLASH Sequence.- A. 10 Spectroscopic Examinations.- Acknowledgment.- References.
