Beschreibung
The herpes group consists of viruses which have been placed together on the basis of a number of distinguishing features that they share in common (ANDRE WES, 1962). All these viruses are relatively large, possess identical morphological characteristics, contain DNA, and are extremely sensitive to inactivation by ether; these viruses are also assembled within the nucleus of the host cell and induce the formation of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions. The epidemiology of some of the best known viruses in this group (herpes simplex, pseudorabies, and B-virus) is also similar (BURNET et aI., 1939). Herpes simplex virus exists in the latent state in man, the natural host for this virus, and becomes overt in individuals subject to some form of stress; this condition appears to be paralleled by pseudorabies virus in its natural host, swine and by B-virus in monkeys. In each instance, transmission of the virus to a susceptible host other than the natural one results usually in marked symptoms and death. This chapter is confined to a description of herpes simplex and pseudorabies viruses; B-virus is described separately elsewhere in the Hand book. Since the clinical aspects of the diseases caused by herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus have been well described, greater emphasis will be placed, therefore, on the basic biological and biochemical properties of these viruses; their clinical features will be discussed only briefly.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeI. Introduction.- II. History.- A. Herpes Simplex Virus.- B. Pseudorabies Virus.- III. Classification and Nomenclature.- IV. Properties of the Viruses.- A. Morphology.- 1. Size.- 2. Structure.- a) Core.- b) Capsid.- c) Envelope.- B. Physical-chemical Structure.- 1. Chemical Composition.- 2. Physical Characteristics of Viral Components.- a) DNA.- b) Capsid.- 3. Buoyant Density of the Viruses.- C. Antigenic Structure.- 1. Antigenic Eelationships of the Herpes Viruses.- 2. Antigenic Differences between Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus and Pseudorabies Virus.- 3. Antigenic Composition.- 4. Hemagglutination.- D. Eesistance to Physical and Chemical Agents.- 1. Heat.- 2. Irradiation.- 3. Chemicals.- 4. Virus Stability during Storage.- V. Cultivation.- A. Host Range.- B. Environmental Factors that Affect Virus Formation.- 1. Chemical Factors.- 2. Physical Factors.- a) Radiation of Host Cell.- b) Temperature.- C. Virus Growth Cycle.- 1. Adsorption.- 2. Penetration.- 3. Eclipse Period.- 4. Latent Period.- 5. Period of "Exponential" Virus Increase and Virus Release.- 6. Indirect Methods of Analysis of the Infective Process.- D. Plaque Formation.- VI. Cytopathogenicity.- A. Cross Cytopathology.- B. Intranuclear Alterations.- C. Chromosomal Alterations.- VII. Metabolism of Infected Cells.- A. Technical Problems in the Chemical Analysis of Cells Infected with the Herpes Viruses.- B. DNA Synthesis.- 1. Total Synthesis.- 2. Type of DNA Synthesized by the Infected Cells.- C. RNA Synthesis.- 1. Total Synthesis.- 2. Type of RNA Synthesized by Infected Cells.- D. Protein Synthesis.- 1. Total Synthesis.- 2. Type of Proteins Synthesized by the Infected Cells.- E. Site of Synthesis of Viral Components.- 1. Viral DNA.- 2. Viral Proteins.- F. Virus Assembly.- 1. Kinetics of Synthesis and Assembly of Viral Components.- 2. Site of Virus Assembly.- G. Enzymology of the Virus-infected Cells.- 1. Levels of Enzyme Activity.- 2. Mechanism of Increase in Enzyme Activity.- H. Control of the Infective Process.- 1. Cut-off of Synthesis of Cell-specific Components.- 2. Regulation of Enzyme Activity.- I. Molecular Viral Chemotherapy.- VIII. Abortive Infection.- IX. Pathogenesis.- A. Susceptible Animals.- B. Influence of the Age of Animals on Pathogenicity of Herpes Simplex and Pseudorabies Viruses.- C. Dynamics of Development of Disease.- 1. Herpes Simplex Virus.- a) Man.- b) Animals.- 2. Pseudorabies Virus.- X. Variation.- A. Virulence and Cytopathogenicity.- B. Conditional Lethal Mutants.- C. Drug-resistant Mutants.- XI. Immunity.- A. Active Immunization.- 1. Immunity Resulting from Natural Infection.- 2. Immunization with Attenuated Virus.- 3. Immunization with Killed Virus.- B. Passive Immunization.- C. Interference and Interferon.- XII. Essential Clinical Features.- A. Herpes Simplex Virus.- 1. Primary Herpes Simplex.- 2. Recurrent Herpes Simplex.- B. Pseudorabies Virus.- XIII. Pathology.- A. Herpes Simplex Virus.- B. Pseudorabies Virus.- XIV. Diagnosis.- A. Herpes Simplex Virus.- 1. Clinical Diagnosis.- 2. Laboratory Diagnosis.- B. Pseudorabies Virus.- 1. Clinical Diagnosis.- 2. Laboratory Diagnosis.- XV. Treatment.- XVI. Epidemiology.- A. Herpes Simplex Virus.- 1. Primary Infection.- a) Age Distribution.- b) Socio-economic Distribution.- c) Reservoir of Virus.- d) Incubation Period.- e) Epidemics.- f) Transmission of Infection.- 2. Recurrent Infections.- B. Pseudorabies Virus.- XVII. Latent and Persistent Virus.- XVIII. Abbreviations.- References.
