Beschreibung
This volume is the first of a biannual series entitled Contemporary Nephrology. The series intends to provide the reader with a broad, authoritative review of the important developments that have occurred during the previous two years in the major areas of both basic and clinical nephrology. We have been fortunate to enlist a distinguished group of scientists, teachers, and clinicians to serve as members of the Editorial Board of this series. We are grateful to them for the outstand ing contributions they have made to this first volume of Contemporary Nephrology. This volume has fifteen chapters. The first four chapters deal with more basic aspects of nephrology: Membrane Transport (Schafer); Renal Physiology (Knox and Spielman); Renal Metabolism (School werth); and Renal Prostaglandins (Dunn). Chapters 5-10 are more pathophysiologically oriented, and each contains an "appropriate mix" of basic and clinical information. This group of chapters includes Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology (Arruda and Kurtzman); Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease (Agus, Goldfarb, and Was serstein); Hypertension and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis (Williams and Hollenberg); Immunologically Mediated Renal Disease (Glassock); Acute Renal Failure and Toxic Nephropathy (Anderson and Gross); and the Kidney in Systemic Disease (Martinez-Maldonado). The last five chapters, which are more clinically oriented, include Uremia (Friedman and Lundin); Nutrition in Renal Disease (Mitch); Dialysis (Maher); Renal Transplantation (Strom); and, finally, Drugs and the Kidney (Bennett).
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1 Membrane Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. General Aspects of Epithelial Organization Related to Nephron Function.- 2.1. Anatomy of an Epithelial-Cell Layer.- 2.2. Special Features of Epithelial Organization in the Nephron.- 2.3. Examination of Transepithelial Transport Processes.- 3. Correlations between Function and Morphology in the Nephron.- 3.1. New Methods of Morphological Investigation.- 3.2. Characteristics of Junctional Complexes.- 3.3. Cell Shape as an Indication of Transepithelial Transport in the Nephron.- 3.4. Morphological Changes Associated with Alterations in Transport Function.- 4. Isolation, Characterization, and Reconstitution of Membrane Transport Systems.- 4.1. Definition of Terms.- 4.2. Examples of Transport Sites Isolated From Nonrenal Systems.- 4.3. Isolation and Reconstitution of Renal Transport Mechanisms.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 2 Renal Physiology: Renal Circulation, Glomerular Filtration, and Renal Handling of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride.- 1. Renal Hemodynamics and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 1.1. Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 1.2. Factors that Influence Renal Hemodynamics.- 1.3. Glomerular Physiology.- 1.4. Intrarenal Blood-Flow Distribution and Measurement of Renal Blood Flow.- 2. Renal Handling of Sodium Chloride.- 2.1. Mechanism of Proximal Reabsorption.- 2.2. Regulation of Proximal Reabsorption.- 2.3. Loop-of-Henle Transport.- 2.4. Collecting-Duct Sodium Reabsorption.- 2.5. Regulation of Sodium Excretion.- 3. Potassium Transport.- References.- 3 Renal Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Biochemistry of the Glomerulus.- 4. Biochemistry of Tubular Membranes.- 4.1. Enzymes of Renal Plasma Membranes.- 5. Intermediary Metabolism and Regulation.- 5.1. Glutamine Metabolism and Ammoniagenesis.- 5.2. Renal Gluconeogenesis.- References.- 4 Renal Prostaglandins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Degradation.- 2.1. Whole-Kidney Experiments.- 2.2. Localization of Prostaglandin Synthesis within the Kidney.- 2.3. Stimuli of Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis.- 2.4. Inhibitors of Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis.- 2.5. Prostaglandin Metabolism.- 3. Prostaglandins, Sodium Excretion, and Diuretics.- 3.1. Microperfusion Experiments.- 3.2. Sodium Intake and Prostaglandin Production.- 3.3. Prostaglandins and Diuretics.- 4. Prostaglandins, Vasopressin, and Water Excretion.- 4.1. Effects of Indomethacin on Urine Concentration.- 4.2. Interactions of Vasopressin and Prostaglandins.- 5. Prostaglandins and Renin Release by the Kidney.- 6. Renal Blood Flow.- 6.1. Effects of Prostaglandins and Thromboxane on Renal Blood Flow.- 6.2. Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Renal Blood Flow.- 7. Bartter's Syndrome.- 8. Ureteral Obstruction.- 9. Deleterious Clinical Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- 10. Future Directions.- References.- 5 Acid-Base Physiology and Pathophysiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proximal Tubular Acidification.- 3. Mechanism of Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4. Factors that Control Bicarbonate Reabsorption.- 4.1. Chloride.- 4.2. Effect of Volume.- 4.3. Parathyroid Hormone.- 4.4. Na,K-ATPase.- 4.5. Chronic Renal Failure.- 5. Effect of Calcium on Urinary Acidification.- 6. Role of Vitamin D in Urinary Acidification.- 7. Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Bicarbonate Transport.- 7.1. Disulfonic Stilbenes.- 7.2. Lysine.- 7.3. Maleic Acid.- 7.4. Thyroid Hormone.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Hyperparathyroidism and Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Distal Urinary Acidification.- 11. Studies in the Turtle Bladder.- 12. Effect of in Vivo Acid-Base Status on in Vitro Acidification.- 13. Metabolic Regulation of Urinary Acidification.- 14. Effect of Aldosterone on Urinary Acidification.- 15. Bicarbonate Exit.- 16. Role of Calcium, Magnesium, and Cyclic AMP in Acidification.- 17. Comparative Physiology of the Turtle Bladder and Mammalian Cortical Collecting Tubule.- 18. Distal Renal Tubular Acidos
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