Beschreibung
Plus est en vous. (Device of the Lords of Gruuthuse, Brugge, 15th century) This book is based on, and contains the lectures of the NATO Advanced Study Institute NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN SOLIDS, which was held August 26 to September 6, 1974, at the University of Leuven, Belgium. The planning of the Leuven Institute developed over several years. The idea came into being around 1971 in the A.E.I.O.U., the Association Europeenne pour une Interaction entre les Organismes Universitaires. The first practical steps were undertaken exactly two years before it took place, on the evening of the 25th of August 1972 in a restaurant on the Eerikinkatu in Turku, Finland, during the 17th Congress AMPERE. Meeting - and eating, of cours- that evening, in that most excellent restaurant, were Raymond Andrew, Karl Hausser, John Waugh and myself. From the beginning on it was decided to take as general theme of the Institute, the recent developments in high resolution and high sensitivity nuclear magnetic resonance in solids.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeDedication.- Chaptek I: Principles: Temperatures, Structures, Motions.- General Aspects of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Solids.- The contrast with high resolution NMR.- The flavor of the problems studied.- The special solid state aspects of the coupling of a nucleus to its surroundings - Line position and shape.- to Spin Temperatures and Their Relation to the Bloch Equations.- A prediction from the Bloch equations.- The concept of spin temperature in the laboratory frame in the absence of alternating magnetic fields.- Adiabatic and sudden changes.- Magnetic resonance and saturation.- Redfield theory neglecting lattice coupling.- The approach to equilibrium for weak H1.- Conditions for validity of the Redfield hypothesis.- Spin-lattice effects.- Spin-locking, T1p, and slow motion.- Single Crystals, Powders, and Anisotropy Effects.- A single crystal example.- The spectra of powder samples.- NMR Parameters for Studying Structure and Motion.- Dipolar interactions.- Quadrupole effects.- Anisotropic chemical shift effects.- The Eyvect of Molecular Motion on Line Widths and Relaxation Times.- Summary.- The example.- Internuclear interactions.- Motionally adapted dipolar Hamiltonian.- A second type of motion.- Collective interaction constants.- Effect of motion on spin diffusion.- A Comparison between Classical Theory of Motional Narrowing and Narrowing Due to Quantum Mechanical Tunnelling Motion.- Summary.- The relationship between classical and quantum motion.- Motional narrowing.- Classical model.- Tunnelling model.- Practical examples of tunnelling motions in molecular solids.- Spin species and the role of the exclusion principle.- Measurement of tunnelling frequency by NMR.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- Appendix C.- Chaptett II: Systems: Phonons, Non-Metals, Metals.- Magnetic Resonance and Relaxation: A Probe of the Phonon Spectrum.- Magnetic Resonance and Structural Phase Transitions.- Order parameter determination by magnetic resonance.- Order parameter dynamics via T1.- NMR Studies of Molecular Solids, Polymers and Glasses.- Molecular solids.- Polymers.- Glasses.- NMR in Metals and Alloys.- Theory of the Knight shift and spin lattice relaxation in metals.- Knight shift and T1 in pure metals: Experimental results.- Spin-spin interactions and NMR lineshapes in metals.- NMR in dilute alloys.- Concentrated alloys.- Summary.- Chaptek III: Methods: Fourier Transform, Multiple Pulse, Double Resonance.- The Fourier Transform in NMR: I. Why and How.- Definitions.- Time domain - Frequency domain.- Pulsed Fourier transform or continuous wave.- Discrete Fourier transform (DFT).- Windowing and resolution.- Sampling rate and folding.- Calculation of the discrete Fourier transform.- The Fourier Transform in NMR: II. Signal Processing and Instrumental Requirements.- Filters and detectors.- Analog-to-digital conversion. Time averaging.- Optimization of the stored signal.- Phase corrections on the spectrum.- Line Narrowing by Multiple Pulse Techniques: I. Objectives and Principles.- Line Narrowing by Multiple Pulse Techniques: II. the Real World of Pulses.- Phase transients.- Finite pulse widths, flip angle errors.- Line Narrowing by Multiple Pulse Techniques: III. Experimental Aspects.- Problems + References about Line Narrowing by Multiple Pulse Techniques.- High Resolution Double Resonance Direct Detection of Rare Nuclei in Solids. Method and Technique.- Principles.- Description of the method.- A variation of the basic method. The single contact total transfer of polarization.- Instrumental requirements.- High Resolution Double Resonance in Solids. Recent Developments and Applications.- Some introductory remarks.- I spin preparation recipes.- Cross polarization dynamics.- Echoes.- Resolution - Applications.- Wide Line Double Resonance and Relaxation in the Rotating and Laboratory Frames.- Double resonance spectroscopy.- Double resonance relaxation measurements.- Nuclear Magnetic Double Resonance Based on Strong RF Magnetic Field Induced Coupli
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