Beschreibung
InhaltsangabeI Inorganic Ions in Osmolality and Volume Control.- Epithelia.- 1 Volume Regulation in Epithelia.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Organization of Epithelia and the Properties of the Plasma Membranes.- 3 Contributions to Steady State Volume of Non-Diffusible Cell Osmoles.- 4 Changes in Cell Diffusible Solutes and Volume Regulation in Epithelia Under Isosmotic Conditions.- 5 Changes in Water Permeability and the Effects of Anisosmotic Media.- 6 Some Unanswered Questions.- References.- 2 Inorganic Ions and Volume Regulation in Kidney Tubules Under Anisosmotic Conditions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Non-Polarized (Unperfused) Renal Tubules.- 3 Polarized (Perfused) Renal Tubules.- 4 Role of Anisotonic Volume Regulation in the Kidney; Pathophysiology and Perspective.- References.- Brain.- 3 Regulation of Brain Volume Under Isosmotic and Anisosmotic Conditions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Factors Governing Fluid Distribution Within the Central Nervous System.- 3 Model of Brain Volume Regulation Under Normal, Isosmotic Conditions.- 4 Adaptation to Hyperosmolality.- 5 Adaptation to Hyposmolality.- 6 Role of Hormones in Brain Volume Regulation.- References.- 4 Swelling and Volume Control in Brain Astroglial Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effectors of Astrocytic Swelling.- 3 Resolution of Astroglial Swelling.- 4 Consequences of Astrocytic Swelling.- 5 Relationship of Swelling-Induced Transport Changes in Astrocytes to Stretch-Activated Channels (SACs).- 6 Reversibility of Swelling-Induced Effects and Viability of Cells After Swelling.- 7 Shrinkage of Astrocytes in Hyperosmotic Media.- 8 Pathological Aspects of Astroglial Swelling.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- Cultured Cells.- 5 Channels, Antiports, and the Regulation of Cell Volume in Lymphoid Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD) in Osmotically Swollen Lymphocytes.- 3 Regulatory Volume Increase (RVI) in Osmotically Shrunken Lymphocytes.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Mechanisms of Activation of Regulatory Volume Responses After Cell Swelling.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD).- 3 Volume-Activated Cl- and K+ Conductance Pathways.- 4 Activation Mechanisms. Second Messengers Involved in Volume Responses.- 5 Stretch-Activated (SA) Channels and Their Function in Volume Regulation.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- II Organic Compounds in Osmolality and Volume Control.- 7 The Role of Organic Osmolytes in the Regulation of Mammalian Cell Volume.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Brain Cells.- 3 Kidney.- 4 Other Cells.- 5 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 8 The Interactions of Proteins with Salts, Amino Acids, and Sugars at High Concentration.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effects of Co-Solvents.- 3 Preferential Interactions.- 4 Conclusions.- References.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeI Inorganic Ions in Osmolality and Volume Control.- Epithelia.- 1 Volume Regulation in Epithelia.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Organization of Epithelia and the Properties of the Plasma Membranes.- 3 Contributions to Steady State Volume of Non-Diffusible Cell Osmoles.- 4 Changes in Cell Diffusible Solutes and Volume Regulation in Epithelia Under Isosmotic Conditions.- 5 Changes in Water Permeability and the Effects of Anisosmotic Media.- 6 Some Unanswered Questions.- References.- 2 Inorganic Ions and Volume Regulation in Kidney Tubules Under Anisosmotic Conditions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Non-Polarized (Unperfused) Renal Tubules.- 3 Polarized (Perfused) Renal Tubules.- 4 Role of Anisotonic Volume Regulation in the Kidney; Pathophysiology and Perspective.- References.- Brain.- 3 Regulation of Brain Volume Under Isosmotic and Anisosmotic Conditions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Factors Governing Fluid Distribution Within the Central Nervous System.- 3 Model of Brain Volume Regulation Under Normal, Isosmotic Conditions.- 4 Adaptation to Hyperosmolality.- 5 Adaptation to Hyposmolality.- 6 Role of Hormones in Brain Volume Regulation.- References.- 4 Swelling and Volume Control in Brain Astroglial Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effectors of Astrocytic Swelling.- 3 Resolution of Astroglial Swelling.- 4 Consequences of Astrocytic Swelling.- 5 Relationship of Swelling-Induced Transport Changes in Astrocytes to Stretch-Activated Channels (SACs).- 6 Reversibility of Swelling-Induced Effects and Viability of Cells After Swelling.- 7 Shrinkage of Astrocytes in Hyperosmotic Media.- 8 Pathological Aspects of Astroglial Swelling.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- Cultured Cells.- 5 Channels, Antiports, and the Regulation of Cell Volume in Lymphoid Cells.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD) in Osmotically Swollen Lymphocytes.- 3 Regulatory Volume Increase (RVI) in Osmotically Shrunken Lymphocytes.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 6 Mechanisms of Activation of Regulatory Volume Responses After Cell Swelling.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD).- 3 Volume-Activated Cl- and K+ Conductance Pathways.- 4 Activation Mechanisms. Second Messengers Involved in Volume Responses.- 5 Stretch-Activated (SA) Channels and Their Function in Volume Regulation.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- II Organic Compounds in Osmolality and Volume Control.- 7 The Role of Organic Osmolytes in the Regulation of Mammalian Cell Volume.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Brain Cells.- 3 Kidney.- 4 Other Cells.- 5 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 8 The Interactions of Proteins with Salts, Amino Acids, and Sugars at High Concentration.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Effects of Co-Solvents.- 3 Preferential Interactions.- 4 Conclusions.- References.
