Beschreibung
This volume of the series The Plant Viruses is devoted to viruses with rod-shaped particles belonging to the following four groups: the toba moviruses (named after tobacco mosaic virus), the tobraviruses (after to bacco rattle), the hordeiviruses (after the latin hordeum in honor of the type member barley stripe mosaic virus), and the not yet officially rec ognized furoviruses (fungus-transmitted rod-shaped viruses, Shirako and Brakke, 1984). At present these clusters of plant viruses are called groups instead of genera or families as is customary in other areas of virology. This pe culiarity of plant viral taxonomy (Matthews, 1982) is due to the fact that the current Plant Virus Subcommittee of the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses is deeply split on what to call the categories or ranks used in virus classification. Some plant virologists believe that the species concept cannot be applied to viruses because this concept, according to them, necessarily involves sexual reproduction and genetic isolation (Milne, 1984; Murant, 1985). This belief no doubt stems from the fact that these authors restrict the use of the term species to biological species. According to them, a collection of similar viral isolates and strains does constitute an individ ual virus, i. e., it is a taxonomy entity separate from other individual viruses.
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeI. Tobamoviruses.- 1 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: The History of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the Evolution of Molecular Biology.- 2 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Structure and Self-Assembly.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure.- A. Polymorphic Aggregates of Protein.- B. Detailed Molecular Structures.- III. Self-Assembly.- A. Nucleation.- B. Elongation.- IV. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Mutants and Strains.- I. Introduction.- II. Isolation of Variants.- A. Source and Properties of a Few Strains and Mutants of TMV.- B. Induced Mutants.- C. Apparently Induced but Possibly Spontaneous Mutants.- III. Contribution of Mutants and Strains of TMV to Virology and Molecular Biology.- References.- 4 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Antigenic Structure.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods Used to Study TMV Antigenicity.- A. Fragmentation of the Protein.- B. Studies with Synthetic Peptides.- C. Cross-Reactivity Studies with Antipeptide Antibodies.- D. Cross-Reactivity Studies with TMV Mutants.- E. Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies.- III. Types of Epitopes Identified in TMV and TMVP.- A. Continuous Epitopes.- B. Discontinous Epitopes.- C. Neotopes.- D. Cryptotopes.- IV. Determination of the Binding Constant of TMV Antibodies.- V. Applications of Serology in TMV Studies.- A. Virus Detection.- B. Virus Classification.- References.- 5 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Infectivity and Replication.- I. Introduction.- II. Infection and Pathogenicity.- A. Viral Ingress into the Plant.- B. Site of Viral Entry into the Plant and the Cell.- C. Virus Movement from Cell to Cell.- D. Long-Distance Virus Movement.- E. Symptom Determinants.- III. Replication.- A. Introduction.- B. Gene Organization.- C. TMV Life Cycle.- D. Cross-Protection versus Replication.- References.- 6 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Epidemiology and Control.- I. Introduction.- II. The Disease.- A. Etiology.- B. Symptoms.- C. Identification.- D. Effects on the Host.- E. Economic Importance.- III. Epidemiology.- A. Sources of Inoculum.- B. Transmission.- C. Environmental Factors.- IV. Control.- A. Resistance.- B. Tolerance.- C. Prevention of Primary Infection.- D. Prevention of Secondary Spread.- E. Chemical.- F. Cross-Protection and Interference.- V. Discussion.- References.- 7 Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Cytopathological Effects.- I. Introduction.- II. Crystalline Inclusions.- III. Paracrystals.- IV. Angled-Layer Aggregates.- V. X-Bodies.- VI. Virus Aggregates in Chloroplasts.- VII. Other Types of Cytoplasmic Inclusions.- VIII. Nuclear Inclusions.- IX. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8 Tobamovirus Classification.- I. Relationship among the Definitive Tobamoviruses.- A. Coat Protein.- B. "30K" Protein.- C. 3? Noncoding Region of the Genome.- D. The Genome.- E. Host Range.- II. Relationships between Tobamoviruses and Other Viruses.- III. Conclusions.- References.- 9 Tomato Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. The Virus and Its Strains.- A. Symptomatologically Distinct Strains.- B. Strains (or Pathotypes) Differentiated by Host Resistance Genes.- III. Properties and Composition.- A. Properties.- B. Composition.- IV. Affinities.- A. Serological Relationships.- B. Molecular Hybridization Analyses.- C. Amino Acid Analyses.- V. Intracellular Occurrence.- VI. Epidemiology and Control.- A. Epidemiology.- B. Control.- References.- 10 Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties.- A. Virus Strains and Their Economic Importance.- B. Host Range and Symptomatology.- C. Cytopathological Effects.- III. Physicochemical Properties.- A. Purification.- B. Particle Morphology.- C. Virion Properties.- D. Nucleotide Sequence Homology.- E. Protein Composition.- IV. Serology.- V. Interaction of TMGMV with Other Tobamoviruses.- A. Cross-Protection and Interference.- B. Interference at an Early Stage of Infection.- C. Structural Interactions of Particles.- VI. Virus Mutation versus Host-Induced Mutation.- References.- 11 Ribgrass Mosaic Virus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties.- A. Isolates and Strains of
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