Beschreibung
Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, "Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse", Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1. Early Embryonic Cell Fate Decisions in the Mouse Yojiro Yamanaka and Amy Ralston Abstract Introduction Lineage Establishment and the Prea¿`stem Cell Program: Formation of the Blastocyst Lineage Maintenance and the Stem Cell Program: Beyond the Blastocyst The Second Lineage Decision: Subdividing the ICM Cell Signaling Regulates PE/EPI Specification Establishment and Modulation of Pluripotency in the EPI Lineage Conclusion 2. Nuclear Architecture in Stem Cells Kelly J. Morris, Mita Chotalia and Ana Pombo Abstract Introduction Functional Compartmentalization of the ES Cell Nucleus Stem Cell Features of Other Nucleoplasmic Subcompartments Chromatin Features Characteristic of ES Cell Nuclei Conclusion 3. Epigenetic Regulation of Pluripotency Eleni M. Tomazou and Alexander Meissner Abstract Introduction Epigenetic Modifications The Epigenome of ES Cells Conclusion 4. Autosomal Lyonization of Replication Domains During Early Mammalian Development Ichiro Hiratani and David M. Gilbert Abstract Introduction Replication Timing Program: An Elusive Measure of Genome Organization An Evolutionarily Conserved Epigenetic Fingerprint Replication Timing as a Quantitative Index of 3a¿`Dimensional Genome Organization Replication Timing Reveals An Epigenetic Transition: Autosomal Lyonization at the Epiblast Stage Replication Timing and Cellular Reprogramming: Further Support for Autosomal Lyonization Maintenance and Alteration of Replication Timing Program and Its Potential Roles Conclusion 5. PRESERVATION OF GENOMIC INTEGRITY IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Peter J. Stambrook and Elisia D. Tichy Abstract Introduction and Historical Perspective Mutation Frequencies in Somatic Cells Protection of the Mouse ES Cell Genome Conclusion 6. Transcriptional Regulation in Embryonic Stem Cells Jiana¿`Chien Dominic Heng and Hucka¿`Hui Ng Abstract Introduction Embryonic Stem Cells as a Model to Study Transcriptional Regulation Transcription Factors Governing ESC Pluripotency Transcriptional Regulatory Network Technologies for Dissecting the Transcriptional Regulatory Network The Core Transcriptional Regulatory Network: Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog Expanded Transcriptional Regulatory Network Enhanceosomes: Transcription Factor Complex Integration of Signaling Pathways to Transcriptional Network Interface Between Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation Conclusion 7. ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN STEM CELL SELFa¿`RENEWAL AND DIFERENTIATION David A. Nelles and Gene W. Yeo Abstract Introduction Introduction to Alternative Splicing Alternative Splicing of Genes Implicated in Stemness and Differentiation Genomea¿`Wide Methods to Identify and Detect Alternative Splicing Events Regulation of Alternative Splicing by RNA Binding Proteins Conclusion and Perspectives 8. MicroRNA Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Selfa¿`Renewal and Differentiation Collin Melton and Robert Blelloch Abstract Introduction: The Selfa¿`Renewal Program Embryonic Stem Cells miRNA Biogenesis and Function ESCC miRNAs Promote Selfa¿`Renewal miRNAs Induced during ESC Differentiation Suppress the Selfa¿`Renewal Program Regulatory Networks Controlling miRNA Expression miRNAs Can Promote or Inhibit Dedifferentiation to iPS Cells miRNAs in Somatic Stem Cells miRNAs in Cancer Cells Conclusion 9. TELOMERES AND TELOMERASE IN ADULT STEM CELLS and PLURIPOTENT EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Rosa M. Marion and Maria A. Blasco Abstract Introduction Regulation of Telomeres and Telomerase Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Adult SC Compartments Telomeres and Telomerase Regulation During Reprogramming by SCNT Telomeres and Telomerase Regulation During iPS Cell Generation Telomerase Activation is Essential for the 'Gooda¿ Quality of the Resulting iPS Cells Regul ...
Autorenporträt
Inhaltsangabe1. Early Embryonic Cell Fate Decisions in the Mouse Yojiro Yamanaka and Amy Ralston Abstract Introduction Lineage Establishment and the Pre?stem Cell Program: Formation of the Blastocyst Lineage Maintenance and the Stem Cell Program: Beyond the Blastocyst The Second Lineage Decision: Subdividing the ICM Cell Signaling Regulates PE/EPI Specification Establishment and Modulation of Pluripotency in the EPI Lineage Conclusion 2. Nuclear Architecture in Stem Cells Kelly J. Morris, Mita Chotalia and Ana Pombo Abstract Introduction Functional Compartmentalization of the ES Cell Nucleus Stem Cell Features of Other Nucleoplasmic Subcompartments Chromatin Features Characteristic of ES Cell Nuclei Conclusion 3. Epigenetic Regulation of Pluripotency Eleni M. Tomazou and Alexander Meissner Abstract Introduction Epigenetic Modifications The Epigenome of ES Cells Conclusion 4. Autosomal Lyonization of Replication Domains During Early Mammalian Development Ichiro Hiratani and David M. Gilbert Abstract Introduction Replication Timing Program: An Elusive Measure of Genome Organization An Evolutionarily Conserved Epigenetic Fingerprint Replication Timing as a Quantitative Index of 3?Dimensional Genome Organization Replication Timing Reveals An Epigenetic Transition: Autosomal Lyonization at the Epiblast Stage Replication Timing and Cellular Reprogramming: Further Support for Autosomal Lyonization Maintenance and Alteration of Replication Timing Program and Its Potential Roles Conclusion 5. PRESERVATION OF GENOMIC INTEGRITY IN MOUSE EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Peter J. Stambrook and Elisia D. Tichy Abstract Introduction and Historical Perspective Mutation Frequencies in Somatic Cells Protection of the Mouse ES Cell Genome Conclusion 6. Transcriptional Regulation in Embryonic Stem Cells Jian?Chien Dominic Heng and Huck?Hui Ng Abstract Introduction Embryonic Stem Cells as a Model to Study Transcriptional Regulation Transcription Factors Governing ESC Pluripotency TranscriptionalRegulatory Network Technologies for Dissecting the Transcriptional Regulatory Network The Core Transcriptional Regulatory Network: Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog Expanded Transcriptional Regulatory Network Enhanceosomes: Transcription Factor Complex Integration of Signaling Pathways to Transcriptional Network Interface Between Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation Conclusion 7. ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN STEM CELL SELF?RENEWAL AND DIFERENTIATION David A. Nelles and Gene W. Yeo Abstract Introduction Introduction to Alternative Splicing Alternative Splicing of Genes Implicated in Stemness and Differentiation Genome?Wide Methods to Identify and Detect Alternative Splicing Events Regulation of Alternative Splicing by RNA Binding Proteins Conclusion and Perspectives 8. MicroRNA Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Self?Renewal and Differentiation Collin Melton and Robert Blelloch Abstract Introduction: The Self?Renewal Program Embryonic Stem Cells miRNA Biogenesis and Function ESCC miRNAs Promote Self?Renewal miRNAs Induced during ESC Differentiation Suppress the Self?Renewal Program Regulatory Networks Controlling miRNA Expression miRNAs Can Promote or Inhibit Dedifferentiation to iPS Cells miRNAs in Somatic Stem Cells miRNAs in Cancer Cells Conclusion 9. TELOMERES AND TELOMERASE IN ADULT STEM CELLS and PLURIPOTENT EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS Rosa M. Marión and Maria A. Blasco Abstract Introduction Regulation of Telomeres and Telomerase Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Adult SC Compartments Telomeres and Telomerase Regulation During Reprogramming by SCNT Telomeres and Telomerase Regulation During iPS Cell Generation Telomerase Activation is Essential for the "Good" Quality of the Resulting iPS Cells Regulation of Telomere Reprogramming Conclusion 10. X Chromosome Inactivation and Embryonic Stem Cells Tahsin Stefan Barakat and Joost Gribnau Abstract Introduction Cis Acting Factors in XCI Trans Acting Factor
