Beschreibung
InhaltsangabeLectins of the ER Quality Control Machinery.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structural Aspects.- 3 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Quality Control of Glycoprotein Folding.- 4 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Glycoprotein Degradation.- 5 Regulation of Calnexin/Calreticulin-Substrate Interaction.- 5.1 Modifications of the Luminal Domain.- 5.2 Alterations of the Cytosolic Tail.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- MR60/ERGIC-53, a Mannose-Specific Shuttling Intracellular Membrane Lectin.- 1 Discovery.- 2 Structural Features.- 3 Intracellular Mannose-Specific Animal Lectins Are Homologous to Leguminous Plant Lectins.- 4 Oligomerization and Sugar Binding Activity.- 5 Cytological Features.- 6 Deciphering the Role of MR60/ERGIC-53: Looking for Highly Specific Oligosaccharide and Natural Glycoprotein Ligands.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Cation-Dependent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Intracellular Trafficking of the MPRs and Lysosomal Enzymes.- 2.1 Generation of the Mannose 6-Phosphate Recognition Marker.- 2.2 Subcellular Distribution of the MPRs.- 2.3 Targeting Signals in the Cytoplasmic Region of the MPRs.- 3 Primary Structure and Biosynthesis of the CD-MPR.- 3.1 Primary Structure.- 3.2 Genomic Structure.- 3.3 Oligomeric Structure.- 3.4 Co- and Post-Translational Modifications.- 3.4.1 Acylation.- 3.4.2 Phosphorylation.- 3.4.3 Glycosylation.- 4 Carbohydrate Recognition by the CD-MPR.- 4.1 Lysosomal Enzyme Recognition.- 4.2 Expression of Mutant Forms of the CD-MPR.- 4.3 Crystal Structure of the CD-MPR in the Presence of Bound Man-6-P.- 4.3.1 Polypeptide Fold.- 4.3.2 Structural Similarity to Biotin-Binding Proteins.- 4.3.3 Dimeric Structure.- 4.3.4 Carbohydrate Binding Pocket.- 4.3.5 Comparison of the CRDs of the CD-MPR and CI-MPR.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Galectins Structure and Function - A Synopsis.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Discovery of Galectins - Past and Present.- 2 Structure, Specificity, and Endogenous Ligands.- 2.1 The Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) and Carbohydrate Binding Site.- 2.2 Domain Organization, Oligomerization, and Valency.- 2.3 Endogenous Galectin Glycoconjugate Ligands.- 3 Genes, Expression, and Targeting.- 3.1 Galectin Genes.- 3.2 Galectin Distribution in Cells and Tissues.- 3.3 Synthesis, Intracellular Targeting and Secretion.- 4 Functional Effects.- 4.1 Cell Adhesion.- 4.2 Galectin Induced Signaling.- 4.3 Galectins in Apoptosis.- 4.4 Galectins and Galectin Inhibitors In Vivo.- 4.5 Nuclear Functions.- 4.6 Other Galectin Effects.- 4.7 Galectin Null-Mutant Mice.- 5 Biological Roles and Biomedical Use.- 5.1 Immunity and Inflammation.- 5.2 Host-Pathogen Interaction.- 5.3 Cancer.- 5.4 Galectin Serology.- 5.5 Tissue Organization and Repair.- 5.6 Galectins in the Nervous System.- 6 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of CD44: Characteristic Molecular Features and Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site.- 1 Synopsis.- 2 Cell Adhesion Proteins.- 2.1 Representative Families and Characteristic Features.- 3 Molecular Structure of CD44.- 3.1 Cloning of CD44 and Domain Organization.- 3.2 Genomic Structure and Isoforms.- 3.3 Glycosylation.- 4 Biological Functions and Ligands of CD44.- 4.1 Functional Diversity.- 4.2 Hyaluronan and Other Ligands.- 4.3 Regulation of Hyaluronan Binding.- 4.4 Hyaluronan Binding Domain.- 5 The Link Protein Module.- 5.1 Three-Dimensional Structure of TSG-6.- 5.2 Molecular Model of the Link Module of CD44.- 6 Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site in CD44.- 6.1 Mutagenesis Strategy and Experimental Approach.- 6.2 Classification of Targeted Residues.- 6.3 Mapping and Characterization of the Binding Site.- 6.4 Opportunities and Limitations.- 7 Comparison of Carbohydrate Binding Sites.- 7.1 Link Proteins and C-Type Lectins.- 8 Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor.- 1 Functions and Biological Ligands of the Mannose Receptor.- 1.1 Identification and Localization of the Mannose Receptor.- 1.2 Roles of the Manno
Autorenporträt
InhaltsangabeLectins of the ER Quality Control Machinery.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structural Aspects.- 3 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Quality Control of Glycoprotein Folding.- 4 Calnexin and Calreticulin in Glycoprotein Degradation.- 5 Regulation of Calnexin/Calreticulin-Substrate Interaction.- 5.1 Modifications of the Luminal Domain.- 5.2 Alterations of the Cytosolic Tail.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- MR60/ERGIC-53, a Mannose-Specific Shuttling Intracellular Membrane Lectin.- 1 Discovery.- 2 Structural Features.- 3 Intracellular Mannose-Specific Animal Lectins Are Homologous to Leguminous Plant Lectins.- 4 Oligomerization and Sugar Binding Activity.- 5 Cytological Features.- 6 Deciphering the Role of MR60/ERGIC-53: Looking for Highly Specific Oligosaccharide and Natural Glycoprotein Ligands.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Cation-Dependent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Intracellular Trafficking of the MPRs and Lysosomal Enzymes.- 2.1 Generation of the Mannose 6-Phosphate Recognition Marker.- 2.2 Subcellular Distribution of the MPRs.- 2.3 Targeting Signals in the Cytoplasmic Region of the MPRs.- 3 Primary Structure and Biosynthesis of the CD-MPR.- 3.1 Primary Structure.- 3.2 Genomic Structure.- 3.3 Oligomeric Structure.- 3.4 Co- and Post-Translational Modifications.- 3.4.1 Acylation.- 3.4.2 Phosphorylation.- 3.4.3 Glycosylation.- 4 Carbohydrate Recognition by the CD-MPR.- 4.1 Lysosomal Enzyme Recognition.- 4.2 Expression of Mutant Forms of the CD-MPR.- 4.3 Crystal Structure of the CD-MPR in the Presence of Bound Man-6-P.- 4.3.1 Polypeptide Fold.- 4.3.2 Structural Similarity to Biotin-Binding Proteins.- 4.3.3 Dimeric Structure.- 4.3.4 Carbohydrate Binding Pocket.- 4.3.5 Comparison of the CRDs of the CD-MPR and CI-MPR.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Galectins Structure and Function - A Synopsis.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Discovery of Galectins - Past and Present.- 2 Structure, Specificity, and Endogenous Ligands.- 2.1 The Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) and Carbohydrate Binding Site.- 2.2 Domain Organization, Oligomerization, and Valency.- 2.3 Endogenous Galectin Glycoconjugate Ligands.- 3 Genes, Expression, and Targeting.- 3.1 Galectin Genes.- 3.2 Galectin Distribution in Cells and Tissues.- 3.3 Synthesis, Intracellular Targeting and Secretion.- 4 Functional Effects.- 4.1 Cell Adhesion.- 4.2 Galectin Induced Signaling.- 4.3 Galectins in Apoptosis.- 4.4 Galectins and Galectin Inhibitors In Vivo.- 4.5 Nuclear Functions.- 4.6 Other Galectin Effects.- 4.7 Galectin Null-Mutant Mice.- 5 Biological Roles and Biomedical Use.- 5.1 Immunity and Inflammation.- 5.2 Host-Pathogen Interaction.- 5.3 Cancer.- 5.4 Galectin Serology.- 5.5 Tissue Organization and Repair.- 5.6 Galectins in the Nervous System.- 6 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of CD44: Characteristic Molecular Features and Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site.- 1 Synopsis.- 2 Cell Adhesion Proteins.- 2.1 Representative Families and Characteristic Features.- 3 Molecular Structure of CD44.- 3.1 Cloning of CD44 and Domain Organization.- 3.2 Genomic Structure and Isoforms.- 3.3 Glycosylation.- 4 Biological Functions and Ligands of CD44.- 4.1 Functional Diversity.- 4.2 Hyaluronan and Other Ligands.- 4.3 Regulation of Hyaluronan Binding.- 4.4 Hyaluronan Binding Domain.- 5 The Link Protein Module.- 5.1 Three-Dimensional Structure of TSG-6.- 5.2 Molecular Model of the Link Module of CD44.- 6 Analysis of the Hyaluronan Binding Site in CD44.- 6.1 Mutagenesis Strategy and Experimental Approach.- 6.2 Classification of Targeted Residues.- 6.3 Mapping and Characterization of the Binding Site.- 6.4 Opportunities and Limitations.- 7 Comparison of Carbohydrate Binding Sites.- 7.1 Link Proteins and C-Type Lectins.- 8 Conclusions.- References.- Structure and Function of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor.- 1 Functions and Biological Ligands of the Mannose Receptor.- 1.1 Identification and Localization of the Mannose Receptor.- 1.2 Roles of the Manno
