Beschreibung
This second book on the Gemini mission offers a detailed account of the Gemini 4 mission which saw the first extra vehicular activity by an American astronaut. The mission also attempted a station keeping exercise with the spent upper state of the Titan launch vehicle and extended the US duration record to four days. This was as important as the EVA in that it was a significant step in increasing the orbital experience of American astronauts from a few hours on earlier missions to a few days, something the Soviet cosmonauts had demonstrated two years previously. On Gemini 4 this was only the first step to gradually increasing the duration to eight and then to fourteen days by the end of 1965. The flight of Gemini 4 in June 1965 stands as a bold step by NASA to push the endurance of their missions, and the pictures of Ed White conducting his short spacewalk remain iconic images from the early space program. His experiences on that short journey together with those of subsequent Gemini spacewalkers raised confidence that EVA would be possible during Apollo in the vacuum conditions on the lunar surface. This mission also discovered that developing the techniques of rendezvous with another object in space would not be so straightforward as originally hoped for, that living in a small spacecraft for four days was a challenge in itself, and indicating what might be expected on future planned long flights. This book continues the Pioneers in Early Spaceflight series to examine each flight in the Mercury and Gemini series. Despite the challenges, Gemini 4 and its two-man crew undertook a huge gamble, and one which fortunately paid off. The mission was also the first time the mission control center at the Manned Spacecraft Center, near Houston, Texas, was utilized for monitoring the mission, commencing a tradition that continues today with the International Space Station program.
Autorenporträt
Dave Shayler's interest in the U.S. Gemini program began during the late 1960s whilst reading about the earlier missions of Apollo astronauts as they prepared for the first lunar landings. The skills learned, which secured their seats on Apollo were achieved during ten Gemini missions flown between March 1965 and November 1966. From that early research he learnt that Gemini was an important stepping stone to Apollo and though shorts it was a critical program not only on the way to the moon but also in planning future programs. Even today, nearly 50 years after the final Gemini spacecraft flew the program holds a special place in the hearts of those who worked on the project. Over the years this research continued and resulted in visits to the NASA JSC facilities and archives in Houston and the NARA records offices in Fort Worth, Texas where many of the official Gemini documents had been retired. Dave had the good fortune to meet and interview astronauts and engineers who worked on the program and access retired documentation from that exciting era. In 1976, as his interest in human spaceflight developed, he joined the British Interplanetary Society; in 1984 Dave was elected a Fellow and since 2013 has served as a member of the BIS Council. For the past few years he has served as Chair for the BIS Library Committee and as Coordinator and Co-Chair of the annual Soviet/Chinese Technical Forum. In addition in 1990 he became a co-founder and Chairman of the Midlands Spaceflight Society. In order to focus research and writing activities he formed his own company, Astro Info Service, in October 1982. Together with his writing activities this has allowed Dave to travel to the United States and Russia to tour leading spaceflight facilities, interview astronauts, cosmonauts, managers and engineers and research official documentation on various aspects of human space history, hardware and operations, including the Gemini program. In addition he has completed an extensive programme of lectures, presentations and workshops across the UK to various educational, social and professional groups, and has supported the work of several fellow authors and researchers, with many of his efforts being referenced or suggested for further reading. In 2001 this work resulted in Dave Shayler's fourth book under the Praxis/Springer series entitled GEMINI Steps to the Moon which presented an overview of the whole program.
